Oxidative injury

Stress Heat-fever Heavy metals Oxidant injury Oxidative uncouplers Ischemia... 

Federici G, Shaw BJ, Handy RD (2007) Toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Gill injury, oxidative stress, and other physiological effects. Aquat Toxicol 84 415 30... 

Protein, DNA and membrane injury, oxidative stress Phase 11 enzyme induction, inflammation, mitochondrial perturbation ... 

The authors cited a combination of ischemia and exci-totoxicity due to cocaine exposure as the possible cause of the brain injury. Oxidative stress and free radicals associated with cerebral hypoxia contribute to cell damage and death. 

LDL taken into a class of white blood cells (via scavenger receptor) at site of injury/oxidation... 

Laundry, L.G., Chappie, C.C.S., Last, R. (1995) Arabidopsis mutants lacking phenohc sun screens exhibit enhanced ultraviolet-B injury oxidative damage. Plant Physiology, 109,1159-1166. 

Cornelius, C., Crupi, R., Calabrese, V, et al., 2013. Traumatic brain injury oxidative stress and neuroprotection. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19 (8), 836-853. 

During tissue injury, oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are always prevailing, making the tissue environment at the injury sites highly unfavorable for the introduction of therapeutic cells including stem cells. Oxidative stress is associated with increased production of oxidizing species including the production of... 

Skin contact can result in irritation, bUstering, or bums if confined to the skin by clothing or shoes, but is not injurious if it evaporates readily. Liquid propylene oxide exposure to the eyes causes injury in rabbits. Ingestion of aqueous solutions of 5 and 10% propylene oxide showed LD q values of 1.14 g/kg for rats and 0.69 g/kg for guinea pigs (253). 

Techniques for handling sodium in commercial-scale appHcations have improved (5,23,98,101,102). Contamination by sodium oxide is kept at a minimum by completely welded constmction and inert gas-pressured transfers. Residual oxide is removed by cold traps or micrometallic filters. Special mechanical pumps or leak-free electromagnetic pumps and meters work well with clean Hquid sodium. Corrosion of stainless or carbon steel equipment is minimi2ed by keeping the oxide content low. The 8-h TWA PEL and ceiling TLV for sodium or sodium oxide or hydroxide smoke exposure is 2 mg/m. There is no defined AID for pure sodium, as even the smallest quantity ingested could potentially cause fatal injury. 

Liquid sulfur trioxide may be purchased in stabilized form as Sulfan B," m.p. 17°, b.p. about 45°. Caution must be exercised in handling sulfur trioxide. The liquid is highly corrosive to the skin and the vapor may cause injury if inhaled. The powerful oxidizing and dehydrating effects of sulfur trioxide should not... 

Although Mg is generally considered non-toxic, the inhalation of fumes of freshly sublimed Mg oxide may cause metal fume fever. There is no evidence that Mg produces, true systemic poisoning. Particles of metallic Mg or Mg alloy which perforate the skin of gain entry thru cuts and scratched rilay produce a severe local lesion characterized by the evolution of gas and acute inflammatory reaction, frequently with necrosis. The condition Has been called a chemical gas gangrene . Gaseous blebs may develop within 24 hrs of the injury. The lesion is very slow to heal (Ref 23)... 

In the production of TNT from the reaction between toluene and mixed acids (nitric/sulfuric), TeNMe forms in amounts between 0.2—0.4% of the total wt of TNT. This TeNMe has been held responsible for several expins which have occurred in TNT plants, causing fatal injuries to personnel and severe damage to facilities. These expins were attributed to the presence of TeNMe in the acid fume lines and the acid storage tanks. Mixts of TeNMe and readily oxidizable materials are known to form very powerful and sensitive expl mixts. Since TeNMe is also isolated from the nitration of Nitrobenzene (NB), the TeNMe formed in the nitration of toluene may arise from the oxidation of the aromatic ring and/or methyl group. In an effort to gain more informa-. tion on the origin of TeNMe from TNT production, radioactive carbon-14 (14C) was used as a tracer to determine the extent to which each of the carbon atoms in the toluene skeleton of the various nitro-substituted isomers contributes to... 

Toxicity. The peroxy acid is highly toxic and may cause death or permanent injury after very short exposure to small quants (Ref 12) Uses. Peroxyacetic acid is the most important epoxidation reagent used today because of its economical availability and ease of use with a wide variety of reactants (Ref 10). It also finds wide usage as an organic oxidizing agent (Ref 11) Refs 1) Beil 2, 169, (78), [174] [379 ... 

As more is learned about the chromosomal effects on HS gene expression, it is important to point out that these genes are actually a subset of inducible responses to cellular stress. Not all of these inducible responses involve HSF, and this indicates that cells have diversified transcriptional responses to cope with different types of stress. This diversification is manifested by glucose regulated genes (grp), as well as the metallothionein and oxidant-injury genes (Watswich, 1988 Storz et al., 1990 Devary et al., 1992 Skroch et al., 1993 Xu, 1993). 

Levitt (1962) has of course proposed a theory of frost injury based on the oxidation of sulphydryl groups and the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds and he has subsequently extended this concept to dehydration injury (see Levitt, 1972). Although popular in the 1960s and 1970s this theory appears to have lost favour in recent years. 

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