Water-Hydraulic Pressure Pumps

however, the crankshaft of a vertical pump was arranged in the bottom - as in a vertical steam- or Diesel engine - and the working cylinder in the top, the stuffing boxes for the plungers would be over the crankshaft, due to which water might leak into the lower part of the crankcase and mix there with the oil for the lubrication of the bearings. 

The design of a single-acting, horizontal three-plunger pressure pump is shown in Fig. 164. The base frame is made of cast iron. The crank drive is totally enclosed. The crankshaft runs in journal-bearings and is provided with either duplex or quadruple bearings. The duplex bearing en- 

The crosshead guides are of cylindrical or flat design and are in most cases provided with adjustable shoes. All of the sliding surfaces and bearings are to be equipped with forced-feed lubrication. 

The pump bodies are designed with suction- and delivery valves being arranged either side by side or one above the other. The latter require one cover only and reduce the overall length of the pump. With the former inspection of the suction valves is easier, because the delivery valves do not have to be dismounted prior to inspection of the suction valves. Possibilities and limitations of the two types counterbalance each other. Further design details have fully been described in a previous volume ). 

The pump is suitably driven by a squirrel-cage motor through a spur gear. The shafts are connected through flexible couplings to eliminate shocks on the work mains when starting the motor S  

---

Oil-hydraulic pressure pumps are frequently employed for the operation of cable presses instead of pressure water pumps, see p. 203. Their advantage being that they require less floor space and that they may even be mounted on the press. Claims in favor of pressure water pumps are the higher operating pressures, resulting in a simpler design of the press, and, last not least, the elimination of the danger of fire. 

The principle of operation of the hydraulic reciprocating pump is similar to the beam pump, with a piston-like sub-surface pump action. The energy to drive the pump, however, is delivered through a hydraulic medium, the power fluid, commonly oil or water. The power fluid drives a downhole hydraulic motor which in turn drives the pump. A separate surface pump delivers the hydraulic power. The power fluid system can be of the closed loop or of the open type. In the latter case, the power fluids are mixed with the produced fluid stream. The performance of the hydraulic pump is primarily monitored by measuring the discharge pressures of both surface and sub-surface pumps. 

Nuclear Boiler Assembly. This assembly consists of the equipment and instrumentation necessary to produce, contain, and control the steam required by the turbine-generator. The principal components of the nuclear boiler are (1) reactor vessel and internals—reactor pressure vessel, jet pumps for reactor water circulation, steam separators and dryers, and core support structure (2) reactor water recirculation system—pumps, valves, and piping used in providing and controlling core flow (3) main steam lines—main steam safety and relief valves, piping, and pipe supports from reactor pressure vessel up to and including the isolation valves outside of the primary containment barrier (4) control rod drive system—control rods, control rod drive mechanisms and hydraulic system for insertion and withdrawal of the control rods and (5) nuclear fuel and in-core instrumentation,... 

All of the dynamic simulations discussed in this book use pressure-driven flows. The alternative of using a flow-driven simulation is more simple, but not at all realistic of the actual situation in a real physical process. The plumbing in the real process has to be set up so that water flows downhill. Pumps, compressors, and valves must be used in the appropriate locations to make the hydraulics of the system operate. If valves are not designed with sufficient pressure drop under steady-state conditions, they may not be able to provide the required increase in flow even when wide open. So valve saturation must be included in the rigorous nonlinear dynamic simulation. It is much better to simulate a realistic system by using a pressure-driven simulation. 

Answer 11.6 The Migennes well has already been discussed in the text. It is reported to be a confined well, but the tritium-14C combination indicates two water types are pumped in this well as a mixture. This nature is distinct from the comparison of the repeated measurements (10/67 and 7/69). In the last sample the percentage of recent water was greater than in the first sample. Corrosion and rupturing of the well casing may have deteriorated the well, so it pumps an increasing amount of shallow recent water. However, such a well may cause a short circuit between the two aquifers due to different hydraulic pressures, water from one aquifer may flow uncontrolled into the other aquifer. Repair of the well may be necessary. 

Manual hydraulic test unit (water tank, HP pump, standardised pressure gauge) should be very useful for in-house testing of pressure vessels, pipelines. 

In order to obtain water under high pressure suitable for industrial waterjet cutting, the hydraulic intensifier pump or mechanical directly driven (electric or diesel motor) plunger pumps are used. 

Development The following discussion relates specifically to the use of what could be called radial-inflow, centrifugal-pump power-recovery turbines. It does not apply to the type of unit nurtured by the hydroelecti ic industry for the 1 ge-horsepower, large-flow, low- to medium-pressure differential area of hydraulic water turbines of the Felton or Francis runner type. There seems to have been little direct transfer of design concepts between these two fields the major manufacturers in the hydroelectric field have thus far made no effort to sell to the process industries, and the physical arrangement of their units, developed from the requirements of the hydroelectric field, is not suitable to most process-plant applications. 

Fluid power encompasses most applications that use liquids or gases to transmit power in the form of mechanical work, pressure and/or volume in a system. This definition includes all systems that rely on pumps or compressors to transmit specific volumes and pressures of liquids or gases within a closed system. The complexity of these systems range from a simple centrifugal pump used to remove casual water from a basement to complex airplane control systems that rely on high-pressure hydraulic systems. 

Facility is provided to bring the equipment up to the desired absolute pressure without subjecting the test unit to excessive pressure difference between its interior and exterior. This is accomplished by first filling the test cell with water by means of a hand operated hydraulic pump(17 in Figure 1) to a suitable value as indicated on the Bourdon dial gauges(P in Figure 1). The pressure thus developed is used also to control the appropriate back-pressure relief valve... 

---