Testing Housing

These two instmments form a relatively inexpensive package that allows the characterization of a large number of materials over a wide range of viscosities and shear rates. Brookfield has also developed a digital Stormer-type viscometer (ASTM D562), Model KU-1, which is an improvement over the old manual Stormer. This low shear (- 50 ) viscometer is commonly used to test house paints. 

Spectrum analyzer. This can be used to view the RFI and EMI performance of the power supply prior to submission to a regulatory agency. It would be too costly to set up a full testing laboratory, so I would recommend using an third-party testing house. 

I strongly recommend that your company engage a third-party EMI testing house to test your products. The minimum-level of test equipment required to test for the discussed factors is very expensive and there is a long learning period involved. 

The intent is that wherever the calibration is performed, the same standards apply. Calibrating equipment in-house should not absolve you from complying with the same requirements that you would need to impose on an external test house. 

The selection and use of testing equipment and procedures, and particularly the interpretation of the results, requires competent people. Some major companies have their own testing facilities, but there are a number of testing houses and consultancies available that you could use. 

In the 1990s, reaction calorimetry has found extensive use in industrial scale-up operations. The editor s limited exposure to it suggests that the commercially available equipment has indifferent agitation and may in consequence handle multiphase reactions poorly anathema though they be to academic kineticists, industry finds slurries attractive. However it is a simple technique by which to acquire data on the kinetics of heat production. Publications have become very numerous, mostly publicity from testing houses offering the service. Some very recent work is found in [6], [7],... 

Mansell RL, McIntosh CA, Vest SE (1983) An analysis of the Umonin and naringin content of grapefruit juice samples collected from florida state test houses. 1 Agric Food Chem 31 156-162... 

Inside four test houses 3.65x10"-4x10-2 1.2x10 -1.22x10 Wallace et al. 1989... 

The Workbook is written mainly for chemical engineers or applied chemists with a good basic training in both chemical reaction kinetics and fluid flow. Experience of the development of appropriate physical properties from databases (or small-scale experiments if appropriate), for the reacting mixtures under consideration is also needed. In addition, it is important that the assessment of chemical reaction hazards, including the selection of suitable test methods and the interpretation of kinetib data, is carried out by competent experienced personnel. Where it is hot cost effective for companies to have their own "in house" reaction hazard assessment facilities, they may need to use a test house or consultancy 31. 

The BSI was formed in 1901 and has now developed to the point where it covers an astonishing range of subjects from virtually all branches of industry. Apart from its main function of producing standards, it also operates a quality assurance division which operates BSI s certification and assessment schemes and a comprehensive test house. 

The book collates the many standard methods, comments on their virtues and defects and considers procedures needed for both quality control and the generation of design data. The content owes much to the experience gained due to Rapra s position over many decades as an international centre for rubber research, as a test house with a history of developing test procedures and making a very significant contribution to national and international standardisation. The literature relating to the development and application of rubber test methods has also been reviewed. 

Denmark have studied the influence of ventilation, office equipment and terpene/ ozone reactions on perceived air quality. Salthammer and Mentese (2008) have studied formaldehyde and VOC concentrations in a test house using the WKI 48m3 stainless steel chamber (see Figure 5.8). 

Zarcone, M.J., Schery, S.D., Wilkening, M.H. McNamee, E. (1986) A comparison of measurements of thoron, radon and their daughters in a test house with model predictions. Atmospheric Environment, 20, 1273-9. 

These figures are based on the current cost using a well-known test house ... 

The certifying body and testing house has been the IfB, Institut fur Bergbausicherheit, Leipzig, Institutsbereich Freiberg/Germany. 

By no means will this chapter claim to fill a standard s place. Therefore, a very careful reading of standards is recommended and in case of any need for clarification the testing houses or notified bodies should be asked for interpretation. 

Primary and secondary cells (accumulators) are in the scope of the m-standards. Only cells, which in normal use (under the specified conditions given by their manufacturer) are not expected to release gas, do not release electrolyte or produce excessive temperature rise, may be encapsulated. The m-apparatus shall be so constructed as to allow a venting to the outside atmosphere of any gas which may be generated, or precautions shall be taken to avoid gas release or cell deformation adversely affecting the type of protection m. These precautions should be based upon an agreement between the testing house or the notified body and the manufacturer. 

Again and again, testing houses, manufacturers and users of intrinsically safe products have put the question, how could the narrow borderlines of classic intrinsic safety concerning available power be passed over These borderlines are determined by reference curves as well as by installation rules. The following approaches are dealt with in more detail below ... 

Most countries have websites where there are up to date copies of the relevant food regulations and often embassies will provide guidance on where to find relevant information. There are many companies, test houses and lawyers around the world who can provide opinion on legal aspects. A word of warning, though it is important to ensure that the information you receive is fully explained and checked for correctness. 1 have experienced errors on more than one occasion and would urge individual product stewards to check every piece of information supplied. If the information supplier caimot fully demonstrate their opinion then use another supplier. 

A limited number of sink effect studies have been conducted in full-sized environments. Tichenor et al. [20] showed the effect of sinks on indoor concentrations of total VOCs in a test house from the use of a wood stain. Sparks et al. [50] reported on test house studies of several indoor VOC sources (i.e., p-dichlorobenzene moth cakes, clothes dry-cleaned with perchloroethylene, and aerosol perchloroethylene spot remover) and they were compared with computer model simulations. These test house studies indicated that small-chamber-derived sink parameters and kj) may not be applicable to full-scale, complex environments. The re-emission rate (kj) appeared to be much slower in the test house. This result was also reported by other investigators in a later study [51]. New estimates of and were provided,including estimates of fca (or deposition velocity) based on the diffusivity of the VOC molecule [50]. In a test house study reported by Guo et al. [52], ethylbenzene vapor was injected at a constant rate for 72 h to load the sinks. Re-emissions from the sinks were determined over a 50-day period using a mass-balance approach. When compared with concentrations that would have occurred by simple dilution without sinks, the indoor concentrations of ethylbenzene were almost 300 times higher after 2 days and 7 times higher after 50 days. Studies of building bake-out have also included sink evaluations. Offermann et al. [53] reported that formaldehyde and VOC levels were reduced only temporarily by bake-out. They hypothesized that the sinks were depleted by the bake-out and then returned to equilibrium after the post-bake-out ventilation period. Finally, a test house study of latex paint emissions and sink effects again showed that... 

Limited numbers of full-scale, test house studies have been conducted to provide validation data for lAQ models in order to improve their accuracy. Estimates of k and k based on test house studies are provided in Table 3. 

The difference between chamber-derived Langmuir estimates of the sink effect and test house results using a Freundhch-type model, denoted as Best Fit [20], is illustrated in Figure 4. Note how the Langmuir model does not provide for the long term re-emissions from the sink. 

The theories describing adsorption and desorption phenomena are well established. Unfortunately, only limited studies have been performed to develop parameters applicable to indoor environments. Small chamber data are usually insufficient to describe the sink behavior (especially desorption rates) in full-scale situations, and only a very small number of test house studies have been conducted to develop sink parameters. Sink effects can have a major impact on the long-term concentrations of pollutants in indoor environments and on the exposure of human occupants to indoor air pollutants. While lAQ models can be used to estimate the effect of sinks on exposures, such estimates can be improved when better data are available on sinks. Additional research is needed to fully understand and describe the behavior of sinks in indoor environments. 

Crump DR, Squire RW, Yu CWF. 1997. Sources and concentrations of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds in the indoor air of four newly built unoccupied test houses. Indoor Built Environ 6 45-55. 

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