Waste, gaseous

Step 10.2 Tabulate Flows and Concentrations. Record the quantified emission data in tabular form and indicate which figures are estimates and which are actual measurements. The team should consider qualitative characteristics when it quantifies gaseous wastes. 

Containment and Control Options for Gaseous Wastes from Soils... 

An enclosure is usually an air-supported structure which permits the collection and treatment of gaseous wastes produced by surface impoundments. Enclosures are susceptible to wind damage and can be harmed by the wastes they cover. Subject to these limitations, control effectiveness approaches 100 percent (University of Arkansas and Louisiana State University, 1985). 

The data for S3 are given in Table 3.3. The absorber sizing equations and fixed cost were given in Example 2.2. Using the graphical pinch approach, synthesize a cost-effective MEN that can be used to remove benzene from the gaseous waste (Fig. 3.9). 

Consider an aqueous caustic soda solution whose molarity mi = 5.0 kmol/m (20 wt.% NaOH). This solution is to be used in >scH(t>ing H2S from a gaseous waste. The operating range of interest is 0.0 < xi kmoUn ) < 5.0. Derive an equilibrium relation for this chemical absorption over the operating range of interest. 

There are several gaseous wastes emitted from the process (see Dunn and El-Halwagi, 1993, and Homewoik Problem 8.5). In this exanqile, we focus on the gaseous waste leaving the multiple effect evaporators, R, whose primary pollutant is H2S. Stream data for this waste stream are given in Ihble 8.1. A rich-( ase minimum allowable composition difference, of 1.5 x 10 ° kmol/m is used. 

Two major sources of H2S emissions from the process are the acid gas stream evolving from hydrogen manufacture, Ri, and the gaseous waste emitted from the separation... 

It is desired to synthesize a REAMEN for treating the gaseous wastes (Ri and Ra) of a viscose rayon plant. Three MSAs are available to select from. These MSAs are caustic soda, S], (a process stream already existing in the plant with mi = 5.0 kmol/m ), diethanolamine, Sa, (with m2 = 2.0 kmol/m ) and activated carbon, S3. The unit costs for S2 and S3 including stream makeup and subsequent regeneration are 64.9 /m and 169.4 /ro, respectively. Stream data ate given in Table 8.7. 

Three major sources in the kraft process are responsible for the majority of the H2S emissions. These involve the gaseous waste streams leaving the recovery furnace, the evaporator and the air stripper, respectively denoted by R), R2 and R3. Stream data for the gaseous wastes are summarized in Table 8.8. Several candidate MSAs are screened. These include three process MSAs and three external MSAs. The process MSAs are the white, the green and the black liquors (referred to as Si, S2 and S3, respectively). The external MSAs include diethanolamine (DBA), S4. activated carbon, Sj, and 30 wt% hot potassium carbonate solution, S6. Stream data for the MSAs is summarized in Table 8.9. Syndiesize a MOC REAMEN that can accomplish the desulfurization task for the three waste streams. 

The rest of the gaseous stream, (i — )G, is bypassed, and the net effect is that a fraction a of the VOC contained in the whole gaseous waste is recovered. Hence, the identification of the optimum value of is part of the system optimization. 

All living organisms require at least one mobile phase (gas or liquid) in order to exist. Life on Earth as we know it would be impossible without the involvement of the liquid phase of water. The gas phase is necessary for life forms that consume gaseous substances or that produce gaseous waste products. Hence, the very functioning of the biosphere implicitly depends on the existence of the mobile atmosphere and hydrosphere, both of which are in... 

In the post-combustion chamber temperatures of 900 °C to 1200 °C are reached. The kiln can - like any rotary kihi - handle solid, fluid and gaseous waste streams. Based on the heat capacity of the waste, halogen content, and potential slag formation, an optimal mixture of wastes is determined. By choosing the feed carefully, production of high-quality HCl can be assured. Furthermore, in this way a minimum formation of dioxins and furans can be ensured. 

Many mechanical separations involve the movement of solid particles or liquid drops through a fluid. The fluid may be gas or liquid, and it may be flowing or static. As some assortment of examples mention may be made of the removal of dust and fumes from air or flue gas, the removal of solids from liquid wastes to permit discharge into public domain, and of the recovery of acid mists from an acid plant gaseous wastes. 

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