Safety fundamentals

General safety objective The overall safety objective for any type of nuclear plant is to protect individuals, the public and the environment by establishing and maintaining an effective defence against radiological hazards. 

The fundamental safety principles applied to a typical LMFR in order to achieve the overall safety objective are  

General criteria. The overall safety level should be equivalent to that of a future thermal reactor in the country concerned. In accordance with IAEA recommendations [S.S, 5.6] for future nuclear plants, the safety objectives can be specified. A limit for acceptable releases in term of isotope activities will be based on the following principles  

For the a type condition, a probabilistic target is set such as the frequency of exceeding the limit must be less than 10- plant year. 

Design targets. In order to meet this global target a number of design targets have to be set up  

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Growl, D. A., and Louvar, J. F., Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1990. 

Include important accidents of the past in the training of young graduates and company employees. Suitable training material is available from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the U.K. Institution of Chemical Engineers (Crowl and Louvar, Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals and Applications, Prentice Hall, 1990). 

FIG. 26-54 Horizontal dispersion coefficient for Pasquill-Gifford plume model, Reprinted ffomD. A. Ct owl and J. F. Louvar, Chemical Process Safety, Fundamentals with Applications, Z.9.90, p. 138. Used hy permission of Ft entice Hall)... 

L. Theodore and K. Morris, "dlealth. Safety and Accident Prevention Industrial Applications", A Theodore Tutorial, East Willington, NY, 1998. J. Crowl, and J. Lou ar, Chemical Safety Fundamentals ll ith Applications, Englewood, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1990. 

A perfect reference for industry professionals, Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications, Second Edition is also ideal for teaching at the graduate and senior undergraduate levels. Each chapter includes 30 problems, and a solutions manual is now avaiiable for instructors. 

CROWL AND LOUVAR Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications,... 

Chemical process safety fundamentals with applications / Daniel A. Crowl, Joseph F. 

GENERAL References AICHE/CCI S Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, 2d ed., American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 2000. AICHE/CCPS, Guidelines for Hazards Evaluation Procedures, 2d ed., American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1992. Crowl and Louver, Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications, 2d ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 2002. Mannan, Lees Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 3d ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

FIG. 23-8 Typical pressure versus time data obtained from gas explosion apparatus shown in Fig. 23-9. (Daniel A. Crowl and Joseph F. Louvar, Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications, 2d ed, 2002. Adapted hy... 

Chemical Reaction Hazards, A Guide to Safety Fundamentals of reactive hazards IChemE (Barton and Rogers)... 

Process Safety Fundamentals for General Plant Operations... 

J. Crowl, and J. Louvar, Chemical Safety Fundamentals With Applications, Englewood, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1990. 

General References Crowl and Louvar, Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1990, pp. 121-155. Hanna and Drivas, Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models, AIChE, New York, 1987. Hanna and Strimaitis, Workbook of Test Cases for Vapor Cloud Source Dispersion Models, AIChE, New York, 1989. Lees, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Butterworths, London, 1986, pp. 428-463. Seinfeld, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution, Chaps. 12, 13, 14, Wiley, New York, 1986. Turner, Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Cincinnati, 1970. 

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