Warning and Identification

Detection, warning, and identification involve sensors and transduction of a detected signal to a transponder. Standoff detectors provide early, wide-area spectroscope and warning of biological agent attack. 

Early detection and warning is the first line of defense against biological agents. Detection and identification of biological agents allow commanders, (citizens or targets) to take steps to avoid contamination, to determine the appropriate protection for continued operations, and to initiate proper prophylaxis and therapy to minimize 

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JSWILD expected to take place in FY 2001. However, it was not possible to determine from the information supplied to the committee if these events took place and what the decisions were. The Joint Service Warning and Identification Lidar System (JSWILD) has been renamed Artemis. 

Status and Needs of Detection, Early Warning, and Identification of CW and BW Agents... 

Actually, the degree of perfection represented by a single defense system which simultaneously provides detection, early warning, and identification, although desirable, may not be necessary. The concept of a two-step system, in which one component detects quickly without necessarily identifying and the other component accomplishes the specific identification, alleviates our technical problems considerably without undue sacrifice of effectiveness for defense purposes. 

Joint Service Chemical Warning and Identification LIDAR Miniaturized liquid chromatography... 

To recognize occupational factors or stresses, a health and safety professional must first know about the chemicals used as raw materials and the nature of the products and by-products manufactured. This sometimes requires great effort. The required information can be obtained from the material safety data sheet (MSDS), which must be supplied by the chanical manufacturer or importer to the purchaser for all hazardous materials under the hazard conununication standard. The MSDS is a summary of the important health, safety, and toxicological information on the chanical or the mixture ingredients. Other stipulations of the hazard communication standard require that all containers of hazardous substances in the workplace be labeled with appropriate warning and identification labels. If the MSDS or the label does not give complete information but only trade names, it may be necessary to contact the mannfacturer of the chemicals to obtain this information. 

The IR-spectra of very many — perhaps most — new inorganic coordinate complexes are yearly recorded. Most of these spectra are just fingerprinting and identification purposes or for empirical correlations and predictions. There is a definite need to put most of these empirical correlations — some of the evidence is usually very flimsy, spectroscopically speaking, and the reader is warned not to put too much faith in it - on a firmer footing through normal-coordinate analyses. Only a few solid state compounds were described by such theoretical techniques in the past few years, the most important being listed below. 

Initial detection and identification of the nature of materials used in a deliberate release situation are much more difficult than at the scene of a "normal" hazardous materials incident. Responders to a "normal" incident can usually uncover some form of posted warning (e.g., 704M diamond, transportation placards) or documentation (e.g., manifests, MSDSs) on the material. At a deliberate release, however, it is highly unlikely that there will be any precautionary information upon which responders can base their actions. 

Level of protection 3 (LP-3) is a low-level active protection designed to detect and identify threat agents in time to execute therapeutic responses, but not quickly enough to warn occupants of the threat before exposure occurs. LP-3 requires a broad-spectrum detection and identification system that determines a threat agent within a time period necessary for operational response and treatment. 

In defense against the use of chemical and biological agents, there are two basic problems—protection, both individual and collective, and early warning and rapid identification of these agents. 

The Board urge OCDM to give the highest priority to research and development work on detection, early warning, and rapid identification of biological and chemical warfare agents (June 6,1959). 

In addition to product identification, the second major category of information that must he included in pesticide labels encompasses a series of warnings and precautionary statements covering the human, environmental, and physical and chemical hazeu-ds posed by the product (162.10(h)). The intent of these statements is to alert the pesticide user to potential hazards from exposure, to inform him of precautionary measures which will help avoid or reduce the possibility of injury, and to instruct him on practical treatment or other remedial steps he can take if exposed. 

AU the aircraft involved were flying in clear weather with excellent visibility, an AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System) aircraft was providing surveillance and control for the aircraft in the area, and all the aircraft were equipped with electronic identification and communication equipment (apparently working properly) and flown by decorated and highly experienced pilots. 

Goetz (1985) presents a separation and identification scheme for dyes. He warns that information provided in the Cl (Society of Dyers and Colourists 1997) under Properties, while intended to lead to the identification of dyes, is not adequate for making a positive identification. He recommends separation on the basis of differential solubility, with specific identification of dyes by spectrophotometry. The shape of the curve... 

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