Viscosity reducing

This parameter is important in the prediction of aguifer response to pressure drops in the reservoir. As for liquids in general, water viscosity reduces with increasing temperature. Water viscosity is in the order of 0.5 -1.0 cP, and is usually lower than that of oil. 

Reduced viscosity Reducing bleaches Reducing sugars Reduction... 

ASTM D883 defines a filler as "...a relatively inert material added to a plastic to modify its strength, permanence, working properties, or other quaHties or to lower costs." EiHers (qv) that modify the properties and characteristics of epoxies are employed in epoxy resins for a variety of reasons. Then principal functions are to control viscosity, reduce shrinkage and the coefficient of thermal expansion, effect a cost reduction, and color the epoxy resins. 

A hydrolyzed cereal soHd, predominately a hexasaccharide, is used in high pH lime muds for reducing the yield point and gel strength (67). This additive has been used in systems treated with both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide in addition to other additives common to lime muds (68). A second viscosity-reducing additive used in lime muds is a graft copolymer of acryflc acid and calcium flgnosulfonate (69). Both of these materials are used at levels of 6—17 kg/m (2—6 lb /bbl). 

Polypropylene-derived branched alkyl (0 2) benzene (BAB) has been batch sulfonated using 60—70% oleum in Hquid SO2 solvent at temperatures of — 1 to —8°C, with SO2 serving as a self-refrigerant and viscosity reducer in the process. After sulfonation and digestion, SO2 is stripped, recovered, and recycled (256). 

Example 6. High Solids, Two-Component, Clear, Aliphatic, Polyurea Coating. This example of an aliphatic, 100% urea coating utilizes polyaspartic esters as reactive diluents (see Section 4.2.3). These compounds allow fine tuning of reactivity and physical properties and eliminate the need for viscosity-reducing solvents. 

FIG. 9 Viscosity-reducing effect of C12 average tetralinsulfonate on C12 average LAS (blended from pure homologs) in a 24% LAS/6% AES/2% amide/5% SXS dishwashing liquid. 

A. Karydas. Use of organic fluorochemical compounds with oleopho-bic and hydrophobic groups in asphaltenic crude oils as viscosity reducing agents. Patent EP 256979, 1988. 

The viscosity of an emulsion can be of crucial importance for its stability, especially the viscosity of the external phase. A high viscosity reduces creaming and also lessens the tendency of particles to coalescence and produce phase separation. Examples of the widely used viscosity-imparting agents are alginates, bentonite, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, and carbomer. 

A viscosity reducing method based on the selective cleavage of carbon sulfur bonds of aromatic heterocyclic molecules containing a sulfur heteroatom. The physicochemical properties of these heterocycles contribute to the liquid viscosity. The method comprises contacting the liquid with an effective amount of a biocatalytic agent. 

Mixing a high-viscosity liquid with one of low viscosity reduces the viscosity just because of the dilution of the polymer. 

Foam compositions, including a latex and a polynitrile oxide such as 2,4,6-triethylbenzene-l,3-dicarbonitrile oxide, or a latex and an epoxy silane, or a latex and a mixture of the two crosslinkers have been prepared (526). The compositions may also contain additional components, including fillers, surfactants, cell detackifiers, froth stabilizers, froth boosters, viscosity reducers, and compounds to improve resilience, and antioxidants. The compositions are particularly useful in the manufacture of flooring, wall covering, shoe lining and nonwoven materials. 

Viscosity / viscosity / increases Viscosity ( viscosity reduces... 

Uses Solvent for dyes and resins preparation of furfuryl esters furan polymers solvent for textile printing manufacturing wetting agents and resins penetrant flavoring corrosion-resistant sealants and cements viscosity reducer for viscous epoxy resins. 

Uses. Viscosity-reducing agent, acid acceptor for solvents, chemical intermediate... 

Relative viscosity Specific viscosity Reduced viscosity Inherent viscosity Intrinsic viscosity... 

Relative viscosity Specific Viscosity Inherent Viscosity Reduced viscosity Intrinsic Viscosity ... 

Compomers contain no water, but rather are mainly formulated from the same components as conventional composite resins. Typically this means macromonomers, such as bis-glycidyl ether dimethacrylate (bisGMA) or its derivatives and/or urethane dimethacrylate, blended with viscosity-reducing diluents, such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). These polymer systems are filled with non-reactive inorganic powders, for example, quartz or a silicate glass [271]. 

In the case of those materials known to possess an adsorptive capacity towards cement constituents and the ability to reduce the paste viscosity, there is a linear correlation between the amount adsorbed on the surface and the reduction in paste viscosity at addition levels in the region of those normally used. This is shown in Fig. 1.18 [33]. These data can be used to obtain a viscosity reducing index for various materials by measuring the slope of the line. Some values are shown in... 

Mechanism of Action A blood viscosity-reducing agent that alters the flexibility of RBCs inhibits production of tumor necrosis factor, neutrophil activation, and platelet aggregation. Therapeutic Effect Reduces blood viscosity and improves blood flow. Pharmacokinetics Well absorbed after oral administration. Undergoes first-pass metabolism in the liver. Primarily excreted in urine. Unknown if removed by hemodialysis. Half-life 24-48 min metabolite, 60-90 min. 

Pectinases and galacto-mannanases are the main enzymes used in the coffee industry. Pectinases increase the pulp removal efficiency and galacto-mannanases act as viscosity reducers in production of instant coffee. 

The importance of hydrogen bonding is apparent from Table 1.1, which indicates that solvents with weak hydrogen-bonding capabilities have much shorter relaxation times. In addition, their lower viscosities reduce the interaction of molecules in the rotational process, which is induced by the microwave coupling and therefore will generally not heat as effectively in a microwave cavity. 

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