Neutrophils activation

A ubiquitous phospholipid mediator (acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine) in inflammation. Among others, it stimulates platelet aggregation and causes swelling, smooth contraction or dilation and neutrophil activation. 

In this paper we review the fluorescence and spectroscopic assays commonly used in our lab to study neutrophil activation. The advantages of these assays are threefold. (1) These assays are very sensitive. (2) These are kinetic assays which can be measured with a time resolution of 1 s or less. This is important since many of these responses occur within seconds of stimulation and are... 

Table I describes several of the fluorescent assays that have been used in our lab to study neutrophil activation. Fluorescein-labeled W-formylhexapeptide (FLPEP) has been used to characterize the ki- netics of ligand binding, dissociation, and internalization at 37°C (7,8). FLPEP is added to a suspension of cells, then receptor-bound and free FLPEP in solution are distinguished by adding antibody to fluorescein. This is a high-affinity antibody which binds free FLPEP within 1 s hut does not bind cell-bound FLPEP. When it binds the FLPEP, it quenches the fluorescein fluorescence. Hence the residual fluorescence after antibody addition represents FLPEP that is bound to the cell. Nonspecific binding is determined in cell suspensions that contain an excess of nonfluorescent peptide.

Nathan, C.F. (1987). Neutrophil activation on biological surfaces. Massive secretion of hydrogen peroxide in response to products of macrophages and lymphocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 80, 1550-1560. 

NADPH Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAF Neutrophil activating factor l-NAME L-Nitroarginine methyl ester... 

NAP Neutrophil-activating peptide NAPQI N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine... 

Katancik JA, Sharma A, de Nardin E. Interleukin 8, neutrophil-activating peptide-2 and GRO-alpha bind to and elicit cell activation via specific and different amino acid residues of CXCR2. Cytokine 2000 12(10) 1480-1488. 

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Walz A, Peveri P, Aschauer H, Baggiolini M. Purification and amino acid sequencing of NAF, a novel neutrophil-activating factor produced by monocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987 149 755-761. 

Koch AE, Volin MV, Woods JM, et al. Regulation of angiogenesis by the C-X-C chemokines interleukin-8 and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 in the rheumatoid joint. Arthritis Rheum 2001 44(1) 31 40. 

Moser B, Schumacher C, von Tschamer V, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M. Neutrophil-activating peptide 2 and gro/melanoma growth-stimulatory activity interact with neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 receptors on human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 1991 266(16) 10666-10671. 

Persson T, Monsef N, Andersson P, et al. Expression of the neutrophil-activating CXC chemokine ENA-78/CXCL5 by human eosinophils. Clin Exp Allergy 2003 33(4) 531-537. 

Epithelial neutrophil activating protein-78 (ENA-78) Granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) Neutrophil activating protein-2 (NAP-2) Interleukin-8 (IL-8)... 

Arenberg DA, Keane MP, DiGiovine B, et al. Epithelial-neutrophil activating peptide (ENA-78) is an important angiogenic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Invest 1998 I02(3) 465 172. 

Cellular Effects of Complement Activation. C5a is chemotactic for neutrophils, activates their oxidative metabolism, and induces secretion of lysosomal enzymes from the granulocytes and macrophages. C5a may also induce the production of cytokines and prostaglandins (H19, S14). 

L. inocua ferritin site however, is the first described so far that has ligands belonging to two different subunits, and is not contained within a four-helix bundle. Recently it has been suggested that the neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori, the major antigen of the immune response in infected individuals, is also a dodecameric ferritin, capable of binding up to 500 iron atoms per oligomer (Tonello et ah, 1999). 

Ackerman, M., et. al., Selective inhibition of polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 101, 470, 1989. 

Collectins Alveolar type II cells and non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells Bacterial and fungal cell walls and viruses Enhance phagocytosis of macrophages and neutrophils activating cells Cigarette smoke decreases the production of collectin [48] ozone decreases function [49]... 

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