Mouse mammary tumor virus

Zhu Q, Gregg K, Lozano M, Liu J, Dudley JP (2000) CDP is a repressor of mouse mammary tumor virus expression in the mammary gland. J Virol 74(14) 6348-6357 Zweyer M, Riederer BM, Ochs RL, Fackelmayer FO, Kohwi-Shigematsu T, Bareggi R, Narducci P, Martelli AM (1997) Association of nuclear matrix proteins with granular and threaded nuclear bodies in cell lines undergoing apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 230(2) 325-336... 

Bhattacharjee RN, Banks GC, Trotter KW, Lee HL, Archer TK (2001) Histone HI phosphorylation by Cdk2 selectively modulates mouse mammary tumor virus transcription through chromatin remodeling. Mol Cell Biol 21(16) 5417-5425... 

The recent success of cloning the receptor for the mouse mammary tumor virus by screening a radiation hybrid (RH) panel (Ross et al., 2002), prompted us to use this approach to define the chromosomal localization of the M813 receptor. M813... 

Ross, S., Schofield, J., Farr, C. and Bucan, M. (2002) Mouse transferrin receptor 1 is the cell entry receptor for mouse mammary tumor virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA%%, 12386-12390. 

Theimer, C. A., and Giedroc, D. P. (2000). Contribution of the intercalated adenosine at the helical junction to the stability of the gag-pro frameshifting pseudoknot from mouse mammary tumor virus. RNA 6, 409-421. 

The most extensively studied hormone reponsive elements are found = 200 bp from the transcription start site in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). They are responsive to GR as shown by in vitro DNA binding studies with purified GR [131-133] and by in vivo response data with deletion mutants [134—139], From these studies three important functional domains in the LTR of MMTV have been identified two binding sites for GR - a promoter distal binding site and a promoter proximal binding site - and a third site which binds nuclear factor-one (NF-1). 

Cell line expressing oncogenic KRAS, Cell lines A549, human lung adenocarcinoma CaLu-1, human nonsmaU cell lung cancer MDA-MB-231, human breast cancer PANC-1, human pancreatic cancer MMTV, mouse mammary tumor virus n/d, not determined p-, phosphorylated form of a protein. 

Omer, C.A., Chen, Z., Diehl, R.E., Conner, M.W., Chen, H.Y., Trumbauer, M.E., Gopal-Truter, S., Seeburger, G., Bhimnathwala, H., Abrams, M.T., Davide, J.P., EUis, M.S., et al. (2000). Mouse mammary tumor virus-Ki-rasB transgenic mice develop mammary carcinomas that can be growth-inhibited by a farnesyhprotein transferase inhibitor. Cancer Res 60 2680-2688. 

Omer, C.A., et at. (2000). Mouse mammary tumor virus-Ki-rasB transgenic mice develop mammary carcinomas that can be growth-inhibited by a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor. Cancer Res 60 2680-2688. 

Ringold GM, Yamamoto KR, Bishop JM, Varmus HE. 31. Glucocorticoid-stimulated accumulation of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA increased rate of synthesis of viral RNA. Proc. 

ShenLX,TinocoIJ. 1995. The structure of an RNA pseudoknot that causes efficient frameshifting in mouse mammary tumor virus. J. Mol. Biol. 247 963-78... 

Similarly, restriction enzyme digests of cellular DNA have great sensitivity and therefore detected for the first time the presence of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) DNA in infected mammary glands... 

Marrack P, Winslow GM, Choi Y, Scherer M, Pullen A, White J, Kappler JW The bacterial and mouse mammary tumor virus superantigens two different families of proteins with the same functions. Immunol Rev 1993 131 79-92. 

PapiernikM, do Carmo Leite-de-Moraes M, Pontoux C, Joret AM, Rocha B, Penit C, Dy M T cell deletion induced by chronic infection with mouse mammary tumor virus spares a CD25-positive, IL-10-producingT cell population with infectious capacity. J Immunol 1997 158 4642-4653. 

Vacheron S, Luther SA, Acha-Orbea H Preferential infection of immature dendritic cells and B cells by mouse mammary tumor virus. J Immunol 2002 168 3470-3476. 

Diseases transferred by pathogens crossing the species barrier are referred to as zoonoses, and the zoonotic diseases very likely include Ebola and AIDS (Ewald, 2000, p. 103fQ. This leads us to the link between breast cancer and retroviruses (other sources consider retroviruses to cause cancer). Evidence of retroviruses has been found in cancerous breast tissue but not in surrounding normal tissue. Moreover, the viral sequences are indistinguishable from those for the mouse mammary tumor virus. And the geographic distribution of breast cancer correlates with that for the distribution for the virus s primary host, Mus domesticus, the common house mouse. A cosuspect is the Epstein-Barr virus, found disproportionately in human breast cancers. 

Renoir, J. M., Mercier-Bodard, C., Hoffmann, K., Le Bihan, S., Ning, Y. M., Sanchez, E. R., Handschumacher, R. E., and Baulieu, E. E. (1995). Cyclosporin A potentiates the dexametha-sone-induced mouse mammary tumor virus-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in LMCAT cells A possible role for different heat shock protein-binding immunophilins in gluco-corticosteroid receptor-mediated gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92,4977 981. 

Choi Y.C., Henrard D.H., Lee I., Ross S.R. (1987). The mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat directs expression in epithelial and lymphoid cells of different tissues in transgenic mice. J. Virol. 61 3013-3019. 

Henrard D. and Ross S.R. (1988). Endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus is expressed in several organs in addition to the lactating mammary gland. J. Virol. 62 3046-3049. 

---