Itaconic acid , copolymer

Liquid 50% acrylic-itaconic acid copolymer, 5% tartaric acid... 

Crisp, S. Wilson, A. D. (1977). Cements comprising acrylic and itaconic acid copolymers and fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder. US Patent 4,016,124. 

A mixture of sulfonated styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and polymers prepared from acrylic acid or acrylamide and their derivatives [759] are dispersants for drilling fluids. The rheologic characteristics of aqueous well drilling fluids are enhanced by incorporating into the fluids small amounts of sulfonated styrene-itaconic acid copolymers [761] and an acrylic acid or acrylamide polymer [755]. 

The methyl methacrylate-itaconic acid copolymer, P(MMA-co-ItaA), was prepared by slow free-radical solution polymerization in methanol under nitrogen using 2,2 -azobis-(2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile)(du Pont Vazo 52) as initiator. The molar ratio of monomer to initiator was in the range of 5xl03 to 10xl03. Reaction at 50°C for 30 to 40 hrs gave conversions of 10 to 30%. The reaction mixture was added to cold, deionized water and the precipitated polymer obtained was rinsed with 2-propanol. 

Sen S. and Sarac A S., Electrospun nanofibers of aciylonitrile and itaconic acid copolymers and their stabilization,/. Adv. Chem., 2014,6, 2958-2981. 

Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. See Dioctyl malate Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, lead (2+) salt (1 1). See Lead maleate, tribasic Butanedioic acid, methylene-, polymer with ethenyl acetate and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone. See PVP/VA/itaconic acid copolymer Butanedioic acid, mono [3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-... 

Methylenebutanedioic acid, polymer with ethenyl acetate and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone. See PVP/VA/itaconic acid copolymer... 

Propyltrimonium hydrolyzed collagen Propyltrimonium hydrolyzed soy protein Propyltrimonium hydrolyzed wheat protein PVM/MA copolymer PVM/MA copolymer, butyl ester PVM/MA copolymer, ethyl ester PVM/MA copolymer, isopropyl ester PVP PVP/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer PVP/eicosene copolymer PVP/hexadecene copolymer PVP/VA copolymer PVP/VA/itaconic acid copolymer PVP/VA/vinyl propionate copolymer Pyridoxine Pyridoxine dicaprylate Pyridoxine dilaurate Pyridoxine dioctenoate Pyridoxine dipalmitate Pyridoxine HCI Pyridoxine tripalmitate antistat, cosmetics... 

PVP/VA copolymer PVPA/A/itaconic acid copolymer Rice (Oryza sativa) starch ... 

PVP/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer PVP/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/polycarbamyl polyglycol ester PVP/eicosene copolymer PVP/hexadecene copolymer PVP/VA copolymer PVP/VA/itaconic acid copolymer PVP/VA/vinyl propionate copolymer Quaternium-22... 

Water soluble, acrylic acid-itaconic acid copolymers have been utilized for some time as a material to formulate a class of dental restoratives commonly called glass-ionomers. The latter type copolymer was modified with N-vinylpyrrolidone, as a route to improve the mechanical properties of this class of dental materials. Design of experiment (DOE) techniques were utilized to determine what ratio of monomers would provide the best set of properties. It was shown that poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone), with monomer ratios of 7 3 1 and 8 2 1, respectively, could be utilized to formulate matrix resins for glass-ionomers, where the new matrix resins had potential for providing improved performance materials, compared to known commercial glass-ionomer systems. 

Dispersions of copolymers of butadiene with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in aqueous potassium hydroxide have been mentioned in the patent literature" as a dip for adhering rayon tire cord to rubber. The effect is most evident when carboxyl groups are present in the adhesive, the tie cement, and the cover stocks. The adhesive may be applied as latex, aqueous dispersion, or cement. A patent issued to the Dunlop Company Ltd." describes the use of a styrene-butadiene-itaconic acid copolymer with Gen-Tac Latex (GenCorp) in formulating an RFL (resorcinol formaldehyde latex) type adhesive for bonding a natural rubber compound to Nylon 66 and rayon tire cords. Brodnyan" also claims carboxylic adhesives for rayon, nylon, and Dacron cords. In this case, the tire cords were treated with a mixed polymer latex containing resorcinol-formaldehyde condensate, a butadiene-vinyl pyridine copolymer, an SBR copolymer, and a multifunctional copolymer from methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy propyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid. A different approach was reported by Badenkov" whereby rayon or nylon tire cords were coated with... 

Because the polymer degrades before melting, polyacrylonitrile is commonly formed into fibers via a wet spinning process. The precursor is actually a copolymer of acrylonitrile and other monomer(s) which are added to control the oxidation rate and lower the glass transition temperature of the material. Common copolymers include vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, and methacrylic acid [1,2]. 

Poly(acrylic acid) is very soluble in water as are its copolymers with maleic and itaconic acids. Solutions of 50 % by mass are easily obtained. The isomer of PAA, poly(ethylene maleic acid), is not so soluble. However, solutions of PAA tend over a period of time to gel when their concentration in water approaches 50 % by mass (Crisp, Lewis Wilson, 1975) this is attributed to a slow increase in the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Copolymers of acrylic acid and itaconic acid are more stable in solution and their use has been advocated by Crisp et al. (1975, 1980). 

The liquid is usually a 30-43 % solution of a poly(alkenoic add) which is a homopolymer of acrylic acid or a copolymer with itaconic acid, maleic add, or 3-butene 1,2,3-tricarboxylic add (Smith, 1969 Bertenshaw Combe, 1972a Jurecic, 1973 ESPE, 1975 Wilson, 1975b Suzaki, 1976 Crisp, Lewis Wilson, 1976a Crisp Wilson, 1974c, 1977 Crisp et al., 1980). The method of preparation has already been given in Section 5.3, and the structures of these alkenoic add units are shown in Figure 5.1. The molecular mass of these polyadds varies from 22000 to 49000... 

Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic or itaconic acid are sometimes substituted for poly(acrylic acid). 

The chemistry of polyelectrolyte cement liquids has been studied using NMR. Watts (1979) used this technique to distinguish between the homopolymer of acrylic acid and its copolymer with itaconic acid in various commercial polyelectrolyte dental cements. This was readily achieved because of the ability of NMR to differentiate between carbon atoms in chemical environments that are only slightly different. 

A terpolymer fonned from ionic monomers AMPS, sodium vinyl sulfonate or vinylbenzene sulfonate itaconic acid, and a nonionic monomer, for example, acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl acetamide, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, is used as a fluid loss agent in oil well cements [1562], The terpolymer should have a molecular weight between 200,000and 1,000,000 Daltons. The terpolymer comprises AMPS, acrylamide, and itaconic acid. Such copolymers also serve in drilling fluids [1892]. 

Copolymers of mainly acrylic acid and 2% to 20% by weight of itaconic acid are described as fluid loss additives for aqueous drilling fluids [138]. The polymers have an average molecular weight between 100,000 and 500,000 Dalton and are water dispersible. The polymers are advantageous when used with muds containing soluble calcium and muds containing chloride ions, such as seawater muds. 

There is some reason to expect that conversion of the anhydride to a half-ester might reduce the sensitivity of the copolymers. Hiraoka (10) determined the relative sensitivities of PMMA, PMA (polymethacrylic acid) and PMA AN (polymethacrylic anhydride) by measuring the gaseous products (CO, C02, and H2) given off when these polymers were exposed to electron beam radiation of 2.5 keV at 297 °K. He found that the G values (number of chemical events produced per 100 eV of absorbed radiation) for the removal of side groups are 2.0, 7.4 and 16 for PMMA, PMA and PMA AN, respectively. Anderson (11) found a similar relative order of sensitivity. For copolymers of methylmethacryate with 25% dimethylitaconate, 25% monomethyl itaconate or 25% itaconic acid (or anhydride) the G(s) values were 1, 2, 3, respectively. For the copolymer of alpha-methylstyrene and monomethyl maleate, on the other hand, we find an increase in sensitivity by a factor of 2.5 over the corresponding anhydride as described below. 

The second essential component of the base copolymer are monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, etc. Although maleic anhydride is not a carboxylic acid in that it has no hydrogen attached to the carboxyl groups, it can be considered an acid for the purposes to be incorporated in... 

Itaconic acid Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus itaconicus Synthetic fibre and resin manufacture copolymers (e.g. styrene-butadiene)... 

For unplasticized chlorinated PVC, unplasticized chlorinated polymer blends of vinyl chloride and mixtures of these copolymers with other polymer blends, the following starting materials can be used PVC (homopolymer) polymer blends of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, trans-dichloroethylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid as well as chlorine. 

In the absence of ionic species (e.g. acidic comonomers such as itaconic acid or acrylic acid, or anionic additives such as alcoholates), the main initiation of the CN oligomerization in PAN and its copolymers is then, most probably, a radical... 

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