Rayon tire cord

Kargin, Usmanov, and Aikhodzhaev (64) used a similar technique of ozonization to introduce hydroperoxide groups into cellulose substrates. They observed grafting of styrene to ozonized viscose tire cord even without the presence of any other initiating system imparting improved rubber-adhesion to the rayon tire cord. In a later report, Usmanov, Aikhodzhaev, and Azizov (65) described the grafting of acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, methylvinylpyridine, and of vinylacetate onto ozonized cellulose. 

According to some workers, H bonds play a part in the formation of novolak resins (1929) and polyacrylic rubber (1829), and in the adhesion of rubber to rayon tire-cord (1125). Hydrogen bonds may be a factor in oil oxidation (149), which is of interest in the deterioration... 

Application of solubility parameter match is also demonstrated in adhesives for polyester tire cord. Whereas resorcinol-formaldehyde resin is used in conjunction with polyvinylpyridine latex as an adhesive for rayon tire cord, this composition is not suitable for poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) cord. However, using hexylresorcinol rather than resorcinol results in a match of the solubility parameters of adhesive and fiber with resultant increased adhesion (21). 

Fig. 18.1 Cross sections of rayon tire cord (/eft), Lyocell (middle), and cellulose carbamate fibers as obtained by transmission electron microscopy...

As shown in Fig. 18.1, fiber cross sections clearly differ between viscose (including rayon tire cord as shown) on the one hand and Lyocell (NMMO) and Carbamate fibers on the other, as demonstrated in the transmission electron micrographs of ultra thin cuts (60 nm). 

In principle, all the fiber ty pes described above can be used advantageously for reinforcing thermoplastic matrix materials to improve their mechanical and thermomechanical properties. This has been demonstrated for PP as matrix material [7]. In what follows, however, the focus is put on rayon tire cord yam, as it has favorable properties (cf. Table 18.1) and is commercially available as a technical (endless) filament yam with suitable yam titre. 

Fig. 18.2 Cellulose rayon tire cord yam rovings (Cordenka RT 700, 1,350 filaments, filament titre 1.8 dtex)...

Cellulose man-made fibers, in particular rayon tire cord yam, can advantageously be utilized for the reinforcement of thermoplastics. By melt mixing with 30 wt% fibers or less, matrix properties such as modulus, strength, or impact strength are increased significantly, often doubled, sometimes quadmpled. 

Methane reacts with sulfur to produce carbon disulfide, which is used to make rayon fiber for the manufacture of rayon tire cord for reinforcement. 

Sodium sulfate is used in the production of rayon fibers (needed to make rayon tire cord). 

Dispersions of copolymers of butadiene with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in aqueous potassium hydroxide have been mentioned in the patent literature" as a dip for adhering rayon tire cord to rubber. The effect is most evident when carboxyl groups are present in the adhesive, the tie cement, and the cover stocks. The adhesive may be applied as latex, aqueous dispersion, or cement. A patent issued to the Dunlop Company Ltd." describes the use of a styrene-butadiene-itaconic acid copolymer with Gen-Tac Latex (GenCorp) in formulating an RFL (resorcinol formaldehyde latex) type adhesive for bonding a natural rubber compound to Nylon 66 and rayon tire cords. Brodnyan" also claims carboxylic adhesives for rayon, nylon, and Dacron cords. In this case, the tire cords were treated with a mixed polymer latex containing resorcinol-formaldehyde condensate, a butadiene-vinyl pyridine copolymer, an SBR copolymer, and a multifunctional copolymer from methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy propyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid. A different approach was reported by Badenkov" whereby rayon or nylon tire cords were coated with... 

Fig. 10. Moult s theoiy of adhesion of RFL to rayon tire cord.

Standard Test Methods for Tire Yarns, Cords, and Woven Fabrics. ASTM standard D885M-94 includes test methods for characterizing tire cord twist, break strength, elongation at break, modulus, tenacity, work-to-break, toughness, stiffness, growth, and dip pickup for industrial filament yams made from organic base fibers, cords twisted from such yams, and fabrics woven from these cords that are produced specifically for use in the manufacture of pneumatic tires. These test methods apply to nylon, polyester, rayon, and aramid yams, tire cords, and woven fabrics. 

These results may be of particular value especially in connection with studies of technical cellulose fibers and cellulose derivatives the above results may be of value for estimation of the state and structure of the material. The work of Fyfe and coworkers 1S,16) indicates that in microscrystalline rayon (cellulose II), hydrolyzed tire cord (cellulose III) and hydrolyzed rayon (cellulose IV) the identification of... 

The rubber stock, once compounded and mixed, must be molded or transformed into the form of one of the final parts of the tire. This consists of several parallel processes by which the sheeted rubber and other raw materials, such as cord and fabric, are made into the following basic tire components tire beads, tire treads, tire cords, and the tire belts (fabric). Tire beads are coated wires inserted in the pneumatic tire at the point where the tire meets the wheel rim (on which it is mounted) they ensure a seal between the rim and the tire. The tire treads are the part of the tire that meets the road surface their design and composition depend on the use of the tire. Tire cords are woven synthetic fabrics (rayon, nylon, polyester) impregnated with rubber they are the body of the tire and supply it with most of its strength. Tire belts stabilize the tires and prevent the lateral scrubbing or wiping action that causes tread wear. 

Rayon Regenerated cellulose with less than 15% OH substituted Highly absorbent, soft, comfortable, easy to dye, good drapability Dresses, suits, slacks, blouses, coats, tire cord, ties, curtains, blankets Avril, Cuprel, Zantel... 

The carcass ply/plies coat compound functions are basically the same as the steel breaker compound. Normally in the steel belted PCT the ply is textile cord of polyester or rayon fabrics which are soft and flexible. The truck radial steel tire normally uses a steel cord ply. Earthmover tires are of two basic constructions, ie, radial using steel and bias using textiles (see Tire cords). 

Pyrolysis produces three principal products - pyrolytic gas, oil, and char. Char is a fine particulate composed of carbon black, ash, and other inorganic materials, such as zinc oxide, carbonates, and silicates. Other by-products of pyrolysis may include steel (from steel-belted radial tires), rayon, cotton, or nylon fibers from tire cords, depending on the type of tire used. 

Major applications of fibers lie in apparel, home furnishing, and industrial products. In each of these, manufactured fibers have made large inroads, and currently their usage dominates. As an illustration, consider the changes that have taken place in the use of the materials required in the manufacture of tire cords. Originally made from cotton, rayon took a... 

Stone et al. [63] reported that a never-dried cellophane sample was more swollen (2.5 ml/g) than a rayon yam (1.2 ml/g) or super tire cord (0.76 ml/ g) cellulose. The maximum pore sizes decreased in the order cellophane (200 A) > rayon (1(X) A) > tire cord (50 A). Drying was shown to significantly reduce fiber swelling and pore size, especially for cellophane samples. 

For the purpose of conversion to textile fibers, dispersions or solutions of cellulose or its derivatives are achieved by various means, in order to make possible the extrusion of the fiber-forming material through the small orifices of the spinning jets. Wood pulps prepared for these and similar uses (such as the manufacture of cellophane) are known as dissolving pulps. The manufacture of dissolving pulps is a highly developed art, with processes protected by patents or, more effectively, within company files. The purification of sulfite pulps to a degree suitable for manufacture of textile rayon (90 to 94% alpha-cellulose), tire cord (94 to 9.5% alpha-cellulose), and cellulose acetate (9.5 to 90% alpha-cellulose) requires some kind of... 

Use To promote adhesion between rayon or nylon fibers and rubber, as in tire cord, belting, hose, etc. 

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