Vinyl chloride CAS

Vinyl Chloride. [CAS 75-fl I -4. This compound is produced by alkaline dehydrnchlorinaiion of ethylene dichloride, or by thermal cracking of EDC, or l.l-dichloroethane. Vinyl chloride is polymerized in various ways to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is also copolymerized with various other monomers to make a variety of useful resins. The copolymers with about J to 20vinyl acetate are the most important. Demand for vinyl chloride is high, approximating 8 billion pounds (3.6 billion kilograms) per year. 

Table 6.3.1. Summary regarding literature information on thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl chloride), CAS 9002-86-2.

The zinc electrolyte contains ca 60 kg/m zinc as sulfate and ca 100 kg/m free sulfuric acid. It is electrolyzed between electrodes suspended vertically in lead or plastic-lined, eg, poly(vinyl chloride), concrete tanks. The insoluble anodes are made of lead with small amounts of silver. The anodic... 

Phthahc anhydride (1) is the commercial form of phthaUc acid (2). The worldwide production capacity for the anhydride was ca 3.5 x 10 metric tons ia 1993, and it was used ia the manufacture of plasticizers (qv), unsaturated polyesters, and alkyd resins (qv) (see Polyesters, unsaturated). Sales of terephthahc acid (3) and its dimethyl ester are by far the largest of any of the benzenepolycarboxyhc acids 14.3 x 10 t were produced in 1993. This is 80% of the total toimage of ah. commercial forms of the benzenepolycarboxyhc acids. Terephthahc acid is used almost exclusively for the manufacture of poly(ethylene terephthalate), which then is formed into textiles, films, containers, and molded articles. Isophthahc acid (4) and trimehitic anhydride (5) are commercial products, but their worldwide production capacities are an order of magnitude smaller than for terephthahc acid and its dimethyl ester. Isophthahc acid is used primarily in the production of unsaturated polyesters and as a comonomer in saturated polyesters. Trimehitic anhydride is used mainly to make esters for high performance poly(vinyl chloride) plasticizers. Trimesic acid (6), pyromehitic dianhydride (7), and hernimehitic acid (8) have specialized commercial apphcations. The rest of the benzenepolycarboxyhc acids are not available commercially. 

Titanium carbide may also be made by the reaction at high temperature of titanium with carbon titanium tetrachloride with organic compounds such as methane, chloroform, or poly(vinyl chloride) titanium disulfide [12039-13-3] with carbon organotitanates with carbon precursor polymers (31) and titanium tetrachloride with hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Much of this work is directed toward the production of ultrafine (<1 jim) powders. The reaction of titanium tetrachloride with a hydrocarbon-hydrogen mixture at ca 1000°C is used for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin carbide films used in wear-resistant coatings. 

In 2002, the world production of polymers (not including synthetic libers and rubbers) was ca. 190 million metric tons. Of these, the combined production of poly(ethylene terephthalate), low- and high-density polyethyelene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), polystyrene, and polyurethane was 152.3 milhon metric tons [1]. These synthetic, petroleum-based polymers are used, inter alia, as engineering plastics, for packing, in the construction-, car-, truck- and food-industry. They are chemically very stable, and can be processed by injection molding, and by extrusion from the melt in a variety of forms. These attractive features, however, are associated with two main problems ... 

Danko AS, CA Saski, JP Tomkins, DL Freedman (2006) Involvement of coenzyme M during aerobic degradation of vinyl chloride and ethene by Pseudomonas putida strain AJ and Ochrobactrum sp. stain TD. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 3756-3758. 

D-TOX An oxidative process for destroying unsaturated chlorinated compounds such as vinyl chloride in gas streams. Developed by Ultrox International, Santa Ana, CA. 

Intersil, Inc., Site, Sunnyvale, CA, 1987-1995 TCE 1,2-DCE vinyl chloride Freon-113 36 million gallons 38/gal of groundwater treated, 108,900/kg of contaminants removed D19683C... 

CHEMICAL NAME = chloroethylene CAS NUMBER = 75—01 —4 (vinyl chloride)... 

CA 65, 568(1966) [Fluid nitric esters, nitro aromatic compds or their mixes can be thickened and made plastic by addn of soluble polymers that contain neither nitro nor perchloro groups. The gelled compds are useful in the manuf of expls and propints. Polymers used include poly(Me-methacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate), EtOAc-vinyl chloride, phenol-HCHO, poly-(vinylpyrrolidinone) and poly(vinylpyrrolidi-none)-poly(vlnylacetate)]... 

D.P- Moore, USP 3463683 (1969) CA 71, 114823s (1969) Division of USP 3409708 (CA 70, 21466s) (A solid propellant used as substitute for Dynamite was prepd by mixing 7—20% starch with 4.05—16% vinyl chloride copolymer, heating to 80°, and mixing with 60—90% AN, and a perchlorate, chlorate or an alkali nitrate)... 

The discovery of acetylene in 1836(or 1837) is attributed to Edmond Davy, but it was not until I860 that Berthelot definitely identified and named it(Ref 9, p 101 Ref 16, p 469). The compd obtained by Berthelot from cuprous acetylide was not pure because it contained some vinyl chloride. Acetylene was not produced commercially until Ca carbide was produced in the lab in 1899 by Morehead Willson, by heating a mixt of lime and coke in an electric furnace. They expected to prepare metallic calcium... 

Note Current (circa 1981) computer search lists the CA Registry No of VCM as [75-01-4] Analysis E. Sistig, Recent Methods and Trends of Automatic Analyzers in the Chemical Industry. .. Vinyl Chloride. .. ppm Range , Proc 5 th IntCongrChemEngrgChemEquipDes-Autom, Prague (1975) CA 36, 8217 (1977) [The instruments with the ability to determine 0 to 20 ppm of VCM with an accuracy > 2 ppm include flame ionization detectors (FID), gas chromatographs using FID, dispersive IR analyzers with spectrometer cells, analyzers based on electrical conduction with upstream combstn chambers, and analyzers with Cl sensitive test paper]... 

CA 86, 51210 (1977) [The toxic effect of PVC combstn products on the human organism was evaluated and the Toxic Threshold Level is reported as 0.3g of PVC products/M3 of air] 2) M. Bert et al, Reduction of Smoke Generation in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Combustion , FireRes (4-5), 301-11 (1978) CA 90,72796 (1979) [The authors report that the most efficient (toxic) smoke suppressors for PVC are those which show catalytic activity in oxidation reactions, such as Cu, Fe, or V compds. These suppressors cause incandescence and complete combstn of the solid residue without excessive smoke prodn. They conclude that their efficiency is not very dependent on the anion bound to the metal, but may depend on the temp] 3) E A. Harrison, Toxicity of Vinyl... 

The calibration was established with polystyrene standards supplied by Waters Associates. The broad-distribution poly (vinyl chloride) standards were obtained from Arro Laboratories, Joliet, 111. Other PVC samples studied were obtained from Shawinigan Chemicals Division, Gulf Oil of Canada Ltd. For all GPC analyses, small sample loads (ca 4 mg) and slow rates ca 0.76 ml/min) were used to maximize resolution. 

Vinyl cmonaej ca.US6a llttl6 sistivity of polyfvinyl chloride) [after Davies et al. 734)]... 

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC). [CAS 9002-86-2], The manufacture of polyvinyl chloride resins commences with the monomer, vinyl chloride, which is a gas, shipped and stored under pressure to keep it in a liquid state bp —14°C, fp —160°C, density (20°C), 0.91. The monomer is produced by the reaction of hydrochloric acid with acetylene. This reaction can be carried out in eidier a liquid or gaseous state. In another technique, ethylene is reacted with chlorine to produce ethylene dichloride. This is then cataiytically dehydrohalogcnatcd to produce vinyl chloride. The byproduct is hydrogen chloride. A later process, oxychlorination, permits the regeneration of chlorine from HC1 for recycle to the process. 

VINYL CHLORIDE. Vinyl chlonde, [CAS 75-01-4] CH2=CHC1, by virtue of the wide range of application for its polymers in both flexible and rigid forms, is a major commodity chemical in the U.S. and an important item of international commerce. Growth in vinyl chlonde production is directly related to demand for its polymers and, on an eneigy-equivalent basis, rigid polyi vinyl chlonde) (PVC) is one of the most energy-efficient construction materials available. 

Krishnan T.K. Bose, Theoretical Performance of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Plastisol Propellants, Comparative Study , JSpacecrRockets 1975, 12 (3), 187-89 CA 84, 33343 (1976)... 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

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