Detector flame-ionization

There are four main types of detectors used in GC thermal conductivity detector (TCD), also called a hot wire detector, flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), and quadruple mass spectrometer (MS)... 

Elimination of wet chemical sample preparation enables a complete analysis to be performed and data to be quickly analyzed. The detection limits are in the low part-per-million range using mass spectrometric detection. Alternatively, detection of compounds can be achieved by all common gas chromatography detectors (flame ionization detector, electron capture detector and flame photometric detector), and detection limits are determined by the method of detection employed. 

Match the detector with the items that follow thermal conductivity detector, flame ionization detector, electron capture detector, and mass spectrometer detector. 

Fig. 4 Gas chromatographic traces of extracts from females of the pale brown chafer Phyl-lopertha diversa monitored by a conventional detector, flame-ionization detector (FID), and a biosensor, electroantennographic detector (EAD), using a male antenna as the sensing element. Although the peak of the sex pheromone (arrow) is hardly seen in the FID trace, its pheromonal activity was initially indicated by the strong EAD peak. Structural elucidation, followed by synthesis and behavioral studies lead to the identification of an unusual sex pheromone, l,3-dimethyl-2,4-(lff,3ff)-quinazolinedione [124]. It is unlikely that this minor compound would be fished out by a bioassay-oriented isolation procedure...

Instrument — Vatian Model 2800 chromatograph Detector — Flame ionization Attenuation — As noted on chart Sample size — 1 1 Range — 10 loamps/mv Column — 6 x 1/8 Chromosorb 102 Program — Start 140°C, hold for 4 min heat at 10°C/min to 195° and hold Run is complete in 23 minutes... 

Detector Flame ionization D elector oven 300°C Oven Temperature 130° C isothermal Time per run 30 minutes... 

Figure 9.6 Separation of fatty acid methyl esters on a 1.8 m x 4 mm i.d. glass column packed with 10% Silar 10 C on 100/120 mesh Gas Chrom Q. Column temperature programmed from 180° to 200°C at l°C/min. Detector flame ionization at 2 x 10— AFS. Detector temperature 250°C. Injection temperature 250°C.

Detector flame ionization Carrier Gas Flow rate Column... 

From a practical point of view, SFC may allow the use of many different detection principles, including both typical LC detectors (UV-absorbance, fluorescence) and typical GC detectors (flame ionization, mass spectrometry). Also, capillary SFC seems to be well within the posssibilities of current technology, while capillary LC is not. 

Detectors Flame-ionization detectors are used for most analyses, with lesser use made of thermal conductivity, electron-capture, nitrogen-phosphoms, and mass spectrometric detectors. For quantitative analyses, detectors must have a wide linear dynamic range the response must be directly proportional to the amount of compound present in the detector over a wide range of concentrations. Flame-ionization detectors have a wide linear range ( 106) and are sensitive to organic compounds. Unless otherwise specified in individual monographs, flame-ionization detectors with either helium or nitrogen carrier gas are to be used for packed columns, and helium is used for capillary columns. 

Detector Flame Ionization Detector (FID) for non-halogenated compounds Electron Capture Detector (ECD) for halogenated compounds... 

Detector Flame-ionization or mass spectrometric detection... 

Chemical oxygen demand ( ) Electron capture detector ( ) Flame ionization detector... 

Hadj-Mahammed et al. analyzed a mixture of flavone, 5-methoxyflavone, and tangeretin by supercritical CO2 SFC on capillary columns with two types of detectors flame ionization (FID) and FT-IR. Peafe identification was achieved with the help of the FT-IR fingerprint of each compound. However, the separation was satisfactory only by the use of supercritical C02g density programs, without the use of a phase modifier. The separations were accomplished using a Carlo Erbaa SFC system equipped with a Model SFC 300 pump and Model SFC 3000 oven. The fused silica capillary column were BPl (12 mxO.l mm I.D. 0.1-pm film of di- methylpolysiloxane) and DB5 (15 mxO.l mm TD. 0.4-pm film of 94% dimethyl-, 5% diphenyl-, and 1% vinylpolysiloxane). The two supercritical CO2 density programs used in this work were PI [from 0.127 g/mIi->... 

Instrument — Vatian Model 2800 chromatograph Detector — Flame ionization Attenuation — As noted on chart Sample size — 1 ... 

Carbon dioxide, P = 80 bar, program to 350 bar at 10 bar / min, T = 80°C Flow control by a fixed restrictor between the column and detector. Flame ionization detector is generally used (UV detector when organic modifiers are used). Split injection usually required. Syringe pumps commonly used (eluent flow rate 10s pl/min). 

The Perkin-Ehner Autosystem GC consists of a dual-injector port, dual-capillary-column configuration, and dual detectors [flame ionization (FID), electron-captnre (BCD)] connected via an analog-to-digital (A/D) interface to a central personal computer workstation which is driven by the Tnrbochrom (PE-Nelson) chromatography data processing software. Yon will enconnter two types of A/D interfaces in the laboratory. The 600 LINK interface provides for both data acquisition and instrnment control. The 900 interface provides for data acquisition only. 

In GC, the mobile phase or carrier phase is an inert gas such as helium and the stationary phase is a very thin layer of liquid or polymer on an inert solid support inside a column. The volatile analytes interact with the walls of the column, and are eluted based on the temperature of the column at specific retention times (Grob Barry, 2004). The eluted compoimds are identified with detectors. Flame ionization and mass spectrometry are the most commonly used detectors for flavour analysis (Vas Vekey, 2004). 

Gas chromatograph with electron capture detector ECD and specific phosphorus detector (flame ionization detector AFID)... 

Figure 2 Gas chromatographic separation of hydrocarbons found in an urban air sample. Open capillary, 0.32 mm i.d. x 60 m length stationary phase, DB-1 (dimethyl polysiloxane) film thickness, 0.25 pm carrier gas, helium temperature programme, 5°C isothermal for 3 min, 5-50°C at a rate of 3°C min 50-220°C at a rate of 5°C min detector, flame ionization. With this method, a total of 142 hydrocarbons could be separated and identified 128 of them were found in the urban air sample. (After Ciccioli P, Cecinato A, Brancaleoni E, Frattoni M, and Liberti A (1992) Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution GC-MS for the analysis of polar and nonpolar C4-C14 hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 75.)...

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