Polyfvinyl chloride

The selectivity coefficients () of ISEs with polyfvinyl chloride)... 

Whilst such stabilisers have found use in many chlorine-containing polymers their main application has been with polyfvinyl chloride). These additives will be considered in Chapter 12. 

Polyfvinyl chloride-acetate) Copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl... 

Draw a line-bond structure for vinyl chloride, C2H3CI, the starting material from which PVC [polyfvinyl chloride)) plastic is made. 

Chloroethylene vinyl chloride) H2C== CHCI Polyfvinyl chloride) Tcdlar Insulation, films, pipes... 

Amorphous polymers are characterized by the following properties They are transparent and very often soluble in common organic solvents at room temperature. The following amorphous polymers have gained industrial importance as thermoplastic materials polyfvinyl chloride), polystyrene, polyfmethyl methacrylate), ABS-polymers, polycarbonate, cycloolefine copolymers, polysulfone, poly( ether sulfone), polyfether imide). 

Polyfvinyl chloride) Resin derived from the polymerization of vinyl chloride. 

Plastomers. The production of resins (polyfvinyl chloride], polystyrene, and poly [styrene-co-acrylonitrile]) with relatively high toughness has been one of the most important aims of industry. This can be achieved by modifying a rigid chain with small amounts of elastomers. The best results have been obtained by the use of block and graft copolymers. 

Akutin (52) performed an exhaustive study on the influence of processing conditions and the nitrile rubber/poly(vinyl chloride) ratio on the mechanical characteristic of the product. The experiments were carried out in a Brabender Plastograph at 160-180° C and rotor speed of 10-50 rpm. The polyfvinyl chloride) molecular weight was 83500. A resin with an epoxy group content of 20.75% was added to the blend as plasticizer and stabilizer. Figure 29 shows that the... 

Commercial polymer samples. Suggested samples include poly(styrene), linear poly(ethylene), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(methyl methacrylate), or polyfvinyl chloride). 

C j 4 alkyl group) 0.5—8.0%, and binder 15—45%. The binder contains 15—45% polymeric material, such as poly (vinyl acetate) or polyfvinyl chloride) with the lower alkyl esters of NC and 65— 85% oxygenated hydrocarbon plasticizers (such as lower alkylene glycols their oxalates, maleates, diglycolates or nitrodiphenyl ethers, etc). E.g. AN 78, Prussian Blue 3, N-amino-alkylmorpholine 3) binder 12, carbon black 3 MgO I%]... 

Tinting of Plastics. Carbon black is used in large amounts for the black and gray tinting of plastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyfvinyl chloride)... 

Vinyl cmonaej ca.US6a llttl6 sistivity of polyfvinyl chloride) [after Davies et al. 734)]... 

Approximately 10 million tons of 1,2-dichloroethane are manufactured each year in the United States by the reaction of ethylene with chlorine. The process is the first step in making PVC [polyfvinyl chloride)] plastics. 

Figure 8.3 Diffusion coefficient as a function of molar volume for a variety of permeants in natural rubber and in polyfvinyl chloride), a glassy polymer. This type of plot was first drawn by Gruen [8], and has been used by many others since...

Investigation of the kinetics of the reaction of 4-chloro-2-pentene, an allylic chloride model for the unstable moiety of polyfvinyl chloride), with several thermal stabilizers for the polymer has led to a better understanding of the stabilization mechanism. One general feature of the mechanism is complexing of the labile chlorine atom by the metal atom of the stabilizer. A second general feature is substitution of the complexed chlorine atom by a ligand (either carboxylate or mercaptide) bound to the metal. Stabilization requires that the new allylic substituent (ester or sulfide) be more thermally stable than the allylic chlorine. The isolation of products from stabilizer-model compound reactions supports the substitution hypothesis of poly(vinyl chloride) stabilization. 

Figure 2. Polyfvinyl chloride) resin general performance/property characteristics vs. molecular weight. Molecular weight was evaluated by intrinsic viscosity (ASTM D-1243-A).

Polyfvinyl chloride)/poly(MMA-ran-butyl methacrylate) for 50/50 blends complete miscibility up to 190 C, immiscibility above 240 C, limited miscibility in between these temperatures [49]... 

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