Vietnam

During the Vietnam War the U.S. used a considerable amount of herbicides in order to remove vegetation (defoliation) used as hiding areas by the 

Imported Inorganic Chemical Elements, Oxides and Halogen Salts in Vietnam, 2002 

Country of Origin Rank Value (000 US ) % Share Cumulative % 

Source Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com 

4 EUROPE INORGANIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS, OXIDES AND HALOGEN SALTS IMPORTS IN 2002 

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Dioxin IS carried along when 2 4 5 trichlorophe nol IS converted to 2 4 5 T and enters the environ ment when 2 4 5 T is sprayed on vegetation Typically the amount of dioxin present in 24 5 T is very small Agent Orange a 24 5 T based defoliant used on a large scale in the Vietnam War contained about 2 ppm of dioxin... 

Malaria affects an estimated 270 million people and causes 2—3 million deaths annually, approximately one million of which occur in children under the age of five. While primarily an affliction of the tropics and subtropics, it has occurred as far north as the Arctic Circle. The disease essentially has been eradicated in most temperate-zone countries, but some 1100 cases of malaria in U.S. citizens returning from abroad were reported to the Centers for Disease Control during 1990. Malaria is seen today in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. It is on the increase in Afghanistan, Brazil, China, India, Mexico, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Escalation of the disease is because of the discontinued use of the insecticide DDT which effectively kills mosquito larvae, but has been found to be toxic to Hvestock and wildlife. Also, chloroquine (6), a reUable dmg for the prophylaxis and treatment of falcipamm malaria, is ineffective in many parts of the world because of the spread of dmg-resistant strains. 

Benzyl benzoate has been used as an iasect repellent iu formulations for repelling mosquitoes, cbiggers, ticks, and fleas, and iu the control of hvestock iasects. Benzyl benzoate was used iu the Vietnam War to eradicate and repel certain ticks and mites. It has also found some usage iu medicine, cosmetics, and as a plasticizer. 

UVCEs were used in Vietnam, rather unsuccessfully, to send an overpressure into the underground tunnels. 

Address lA Trang Tien St. Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi Vietnam... 

A DNA fingerprint can be used for many purposes other than solving violent crimes. In particular, it can serve to identify deceased individuals. In June of 1998 the "Vietnam Unknown" buried in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery was identified by DNA technology. He was shown to be First Lieutenant Michael Blassie, shot down over Vietnam in May of 1972. DNA samples taken from his mother matched those obtained from his body. A month later Blassie, a native of St. Louis, Missouri, was reburied in a national cemetery located in that city. 

Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam. 

Spice Market is movie Tibet—big-lot Buddhism. The two-level, 13,000-square-foot space provides an Indiana Jones—style sound stage for the new globalism. The restaurant, with a menu developed from the foods of Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Burma and Thailand, is itself ethnically mixed, or globally brown. ... 

During the Vietnam conflict, the USA utilized Minol II in general purpose (GP) bombs, and encountered a milder form of spewing which was... 

Brief experimentation with illicit opioids rarely leads to dependence, but persons who use opioids commonly escalate to daily use, at least once per month for at least a brief period. Among Vietnam War-era soldiers, experimentation with opioids was widespread 73% of the soldiers who used opioids at least five times became dependent however, 88% of enlisted men who became addicted to heroin did not become readdicted at any time in the 3 years after return, and 56% did not use opioids at all during that time (Robins et al. 1975). 

Concerning anthropogenic sources, methyl arsenic compounds such as methyl arsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid have been used as herbicides, and were once a significant source of environmental residues. Dimethyl-arsinic acid (Agent Blue) was used as a defoliant during the Vietnam War. 

Y zeolite from kaolin taken in Yen Bai-Vietnam synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity for the cracking of n-heptane... 

Faculty of chemical technology, Hanoi university of technology, 1 Dai Co Viet str., Hanoi, Vietnam... 

This paper is concerned with the synthesis of Y zeolite with Si02/Al203 ratio of 4.5 from kaolin taken in Yen Bai-Vietnam and their catal3dic activity for the cracking of n-heptane. The synthesized sample (NaYl) showed the Y zeolite crystallinity of 53% and PI zeolite crystallinity of 32%, and exhibited good thermal stability up to 880 C. The activity and the stability of HYl turned out to be lower than those of standard sample (HYs), but the toluene selectivity was higher. The conversion of n-heptane to toluene might be due to the metal oxide impurities, which was present in the raw materials and this indicates the potential application of this zeolite for the conversion of n-parafRn to aromatics. 

Y zeolites synthesized from pure chemicals have now been used as the main composition of FCC catalysts [1-4]. However, the application of Y zeolites synthesized from kaolin in the catalytic processes is still limited. The refinery and petrochemical industry is being built in Vietnam, so the synthesis of Y zeolites from domestic materials and minerals is necessary [4]. In this paper, the initial results in the synfliesis of Y zeolites with Si02/Al203 ratio of 4.5 fiom kaolin taken in Yen Bai-Vietnam and their catalytic activity for the cracking of n-heptane are reported. 

Financial support of this work by Project VLIR/HUT lUC/PJl from the VLIR/HUT research fund in thq co-operation between Hanoi University of Technology, Vietnam and Flemish Universities, Belgium is gratefully acknowledged. 

Among tropical fruits, red guavas, containing 76 to 86% of lycopene in relation to total carotenoid, can be considered good sources of lycopene. An indigenous Southeast Asia fruit called gac in Vietnam and used as a rice colorant shows an intense red color in the seed membrane (seed pulp or aril) of the ripe fruit the mesocarp, characterized by its yellow color, is discarded. Although some discrepancies can be found in the literature regarding the lycopene content in gac fruits (Table 4.2.3), this fruit is an extraordinarily rich source of lycopene. ... 

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