Ultrasonic processes

Sample of the T-CN suspension was sonicated using a Sonics vibra-cell [950 W, 25 kHz] ultrasonic processor with a 10 mm diameter probe carried out in an ice bath. T-CN suspension was submitted to ultrasonic treatment at 800 W for 8 rain. After this process, the sample was concentrated by PEG solution and poured into polystyrene Petri dish. It was allowed to evaporate undisturbed at ambient conditions to obtain transparent thin film. 

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Ultrasonic (processes) Process which utilizes specially designed tooling usually vibrating at 15-80 KHz. Processes are designed to cause localized heating of thermoplastic materials which, in turn, will provide some type of welded or fused joint. Benefits are elimination of fillers and minimized heat stress on surrounding materials. 

Mason and Cordemans de Meulenaer [80] have also given the following 10 recommendations/steps in the optimization of an ultrasonic process. 

Physical Chemist who specializes in Sonochemistry, teaches undergraduate and postgraduate Chemistry and is a senior academic staff member of the School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne. Ashok is a renowned sono-chemist who has developed a number of novel techniques to characterize acoustic cavitation bubbles and has made major contributions of applied sonochemistry to the Food and Dairy industry. His research team has developed a novel ultrasonic processing technology for improving the functional properties of dairy ingredients. Recent research also involves the ultrasonic synthesis of functional... 

In the ultrasonic process, the heat is generated internally and is stopped from escaping. It also allows a more uniform internal build-up of temperature. 

Recendy, storm doors have been constmcted of advanced thermoplastic composites. Stampable, glass-mat reinforced polypropylene sheet is used to create a high strength outer skin. These compression molded skins are welded together using a friction or ultrasonic process then injection molded with a polyurethane foam core to produce an insulated structure. New technology for window frames incorporate the pultrusion of frame channels to produce a thermoset composite channel that can be filled with fiber glass for further insulation enhancement (12,31,33,34,48,49,54—56,60—67). 

Uitrasonic emuisification can be used in different situations ranging from normai conditions to others requiring manufacturing equipment that can be readiiy cieaned and sterilized. This is especially important in the food or pharmaceutical fields, where the use of ultrasonic processing systems with aseptic production is indispensable with a view to avoid product contamination. New ultrasonic processing systems are continuously designed for this purpose [49],... 

A series of five nanocomposite elastomer systems were prepared for this study incorporating 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8% (on total resin mass) of the organically modified montmorillonite clay Cloisite 6A. The appropriate level of Cloisite was dispersed in a starting resin blend of OH terminated PDMS (M -77,000 and Mn -550 g mol in a 3 1 ratio) by a combination of mechanical mixing and ultrasonic processing to give a nano-dispersion of clay platelets. The blend was subsequently crosslinked with a stoichiometric level of tetrapropoxysilane (TPOS) in the presence of 5% diphenylmethylsilanol (DPMS) chain terminator and 5% tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate catalyst, cured in an open mould at 65°C for twenty minutes, then removed from the mould and post cured for a further fifteen hours at 65°C to give an elastomeric mat. 

Djakovic, L.M. Dokic, P.P. Sefer, I.B. Mathematical and experimental essentials of the emulsification process optimal parameters determination. J. Disp. Sd. Tech. 1989,70(1), 59-76. Continuous Ultrasonic Processing Cell Misonix Corporation Farmingdale, NY, 1998. 

The isolation of the effective compositions from some traditional Chinese herbs under influence of ultrasound was reported [71], The compounds Helicid (4-for-mylphenyl-allopyranoside), Berberin Hydrochloride, and Bergenin could each be isolated from different plant materials using ethanol at room temperature under the influence of sonication. Ultrasonic irradiation reduced the temperature and time required for the process, thereby increasing the efficiency of extraction. The products contained fewer impurities and the ultrasonic process appeared to involve simpler technology. 

Decouple the two steps in the ultrasonication process used to activate SWNTs for hydrogen storage,... 

The hydride alloy (TIAIq jVo 04) accounts for a portion of the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy/ nanotube composite material that is formed in the ultrasonication process. Figure 2 displays a plot of hydrogen storage capacity versus alloy metal content for numerous purified SWNT samples that were treated with the ultrasonic probe process. About one-... 

Polycarbonate modification with supersmall quantities of Cu/C nanocomposite is possible using FS of this nanocomposite which contributes to uniform distribution of nanoparticles in polycarbonate solution. Polycarbonate Actual was used as the modified polycarbonate. The FS of copper/carbon nanocomposite was prepared combining 1.0, 0.1,0.01, and 0.001% of nanocomposite in polycarbonate solution in ethylene dichloride. The suspensions underwent ultrasonic processing. 

Wu, J. M. Huang, H. S. Livengood, C. D. Development of an Ultrasonic Process for Detoxifying Groundwater and Soil Laboratory Research, ANL/ESD/TM-32 Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL, 1992. 

An amount of macroporous spherical silica gel was added into 100 ml 1.0 M hydrochloric add, followed by 15 min ultrasonic processing and counter-flow for 2 h in a heating and stirring condition. Then, silica was transferred to beaker with distilled water for a few hours. Sihca gel was placed at 120 °C for 7 h when its supernatant were dumped (He L C, 1996). 

A number of methods [11,13-17] have been applied in an attempt to solve the problem and to find more effective ways of tire rubber recycling and waste rubber utilization. These methods include retreading, reclaiming, grinding, pulverization, microwave and ultrasonic processes, pyrolysis, and incineration. Processes for utilization of recycled rubber are also being developed, including the use of reclaimed rubber to manufacture rubber products and thermoplastic-rubber blends and the use of GRT to modify asphalt and cement. 

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