Insulation, structural

Fig. 4. Peierls transition in metallic polyacetylene and accompanied generation of bond alternation. Note that the semiconductive (or insulating) structure accompanied with the bond alternation is the more energetically stable.

Protection may also be obtained by insulating structures from the soil by means of protective coatings. Pipes may be dipped in bituminous compounds and wrapped with hessian, glass-fibre, or similar materials. 

Japanese researchers are ahead of their U.S. counterparts in the application of laser and electron beams and solid-phase epitaxy for the fabrication of silicon-on-insulator structures. 

Polypropylene damping and protection, thermal insulation, structural functions ... 

Early work in the 1960s on thin-hlm EL (TEEL) involved the excitation of Al/ZnS (activated by Mn or Cu) deposited on glass, but the key step forward was taken when the double-insulator structure was developed as shown in Figure 3.30. As can be seen the ZnS film is sandwiched between two insulating layers, limiting the amount of charge transferred to the device and also totally encapsulating the phosphor film. In spite of this the EL device still suffered from lifetime problems and it was not until 1978, when Sharp demonstrated a 240 x 320 display, that this problem was overcome. 

Salkl, A. Mukal, K. Takahashl, S. Yamanaka, K. Harada, S. "Reliability of Semiconductor Devices Using a Resin Insulation Structure," Central Research Laboratory Technical Bulletin, Hitachi, Ltd. 

The trisulphides (and triselenides) of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta crystallize in onedimensional structures formed by MSg trigonal prisms that share opposite faces. Metal atoms in these sulphides are formally in the quadrivalent state, and part of the sulphur exists as molecular anions, M S2 S . TaSj shows a metal-insulator transition of the Peierls type at low temperatures (Section 4.9). NbSj adopts a Peierls distorted insulating structure suggesting the possibility of a transformation to a metallic phase at high temperatures, but does not transform completely to the undistorted structure. Electronic properties and structural transitions of these sulphides have been reviewed (Rouxel et al, 1982 Meerschaut, 1982 Rouxel, 1992). 

Recendy, storm doors have been constmcted of advanced thermoplastic composites. Stampable, glass-mat reinforced polypropylene sheet is used to create a high strength outer skin. These compression molded skins are welded together using a friction or ultrasonic process then injection molded with a polyurethane foam core to produce an insulated structure. New technology for window frames incorporate the pultrusion of frame channels to produce a thermoset composite channel that can be filled with fiber glass for further insulation enhancement (12,31,33,34,48,49,54—56,60—67). 

The interface between conductor shield and insulation is the region of the highest stress in the cable insulation structure. Any imperfections at this interface, especially sharp protrusions of the conductor shield into the insulation, will cause high local electrical stress that may reduce the dielectric strength of finished cable. Calculation of the stress enhancement, for a 15 kV cable with a 4.4 mm (175 mil) insulation thickness, indicates that the common round 50 m (2 mil) radius protrusions increase the electrical stress by a factor of 30 and a sharp 5 fun protrusion will increase the electric stress by as much as 210 times (11,20). 

The first a-Si H CCD operation has been verified experimentally by an insulator/a-Si H/insulator structure sandwiched between staggered transfer electrodes.(Kishida et al 1982). 

The concept of aromaticity can also be extended to systems in which the conjugated system is interrupted, by a methylene group, or other insulating structural feature, provided that the overlap between the p orbitals of the conjugated systems can still take place through space. When such overlap has energy-lowering consequences, evident in the properties of the molecule, the phenomenon is called... 

Wood chips, saw dust [4] -50 Thermally insulating structural products... 

Aleksandrov, A. Ya., Borodin, M. Ya., Pavlov, V. V. Plastic Foam Insulated Structures. Moscow Mashinostroyeniye.Press 1972, pp. 10 (Russ.)... 

Insulation suited to cryogenic equipment are characterized by multiple small spaces or pores that occlude more or less stagnant air of comparatively low thermal conductivity. Table 8.19 lists the most common of these materials. In application, vapor barriers are provided in the insulating structure to prevent inward diffusion of atmospheric moisture and freezing on the cold surface with resulting increase in thermal conductivity and deterioration of the... 

C. Oules, A. Halimaoui, J. L. Regolini, A. Perio, and G. Bomchil, Silicon on insulator structure obtained by epitaxial growth of silicon over porous sihcon, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139, 3595,... 

Placing Equipment, Paint, Foundations, Insulation, Structural Steel... 

The cryogenic equipment is all contained in an insulated structure termed a coldbox to minimize the impact of heat leak into the process. 

Optical selective coating (printable) Insulation (structural foam)... 

Coatings, films, glues, sealants, electric insulation, structural articles packing, heat and noise-insulating foams. 

Films, paint and extruded coats, glues, electric insulation, structural products. 

V.Bondarenko et al., in NATO ARW Nanoscaled semiconductor-on-insulator structures and devices , Conference abstracts (Sudak, 2006), p. 15. 

INSULATOR - A material of such low electrical conductivity that a flow of current through it can usually be neglected. Similarly, a material of low thermal conductivity, such as that used to insulate structures. 

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