Counter flow

The reducing gas is distributed in reactor 4 by an ahoy grid, passes through the fluid bed, then exits the reactor via cyclones. The gas passes through reactors 3 and 2 so that a counter flow between gas and soHds is estabUshed. The spent reducing gas is scmbbed to remove dust and water vapor. Part of the cleaned top gas is recycled and the remainder is used as fuel. 

Pneumatic classification can be partitioned conveniently into coarse, ie, fine products above 95% < 100 pm intermediate, ie, fine products ranging between 95% < 100 and 30 pm and fine, ie, fine products below 95% < 30 pm. Pneumatic classification, like hydraulic classification, balances the force of gravity with drag forces (counter flow) in order to bring about a separation. 

Heat exchanger, counter flow or counter current A heat exchanger in which the flow inlet of one fluid is adjacent to the outlet of the second fluid and vice versa the fluids flow in opposite directions. 

Barometric condensers are direct contact coolers and condensers. They may be counter flow or parallel flow. Good contact direct cooling is an efficient inexpensive design, being considerably cheaper and more efficient than indirect surface or tubular coolers. 

Counter-flow Cooling Tower Performance, J. F. Pritchard Co. of California (Pritchard Corp. is a Black and Veatch Co.) (1957). 

For counter flow, gas flowing up a column through a falling shower film of liquid, Fair s correlation of collected data is to he used as a guide ... 

Determine whether parallel or counter flow exists inside tubes. 

Mori, S., M. Kataya, and A. Tanimoto, Performance of Counter-flows, Parallel Plate Heat Exchangers Under Laminar Flow Conditions, Heat Trans. Eng, V. 2, July-Sept. (1980) p. 29. 

Simple heat exchangers. These can be of the parallel flow, cross-flow or counter-flow pattern and constructed of materials to suit the temperature. 

B—Barometric Counter-Flow Condenser, Intercon-denser and Aftercondenser S—Surface Type Condenser, Intercondenser and Aftercondenser... 

Reactor 6 [R 6] Counter-flow Multi-plate Stack Micro Reactor... 

Figure 3.11 Photograph of the multi-plate stack reactor, originally designed as a counter-flow heat exchanger this type of reactor was also used for periodic operation [13].

Reactor type Multi-plate-stack with counter-flow guidance Total number of reaction platelets 6 10... 

The interdigital feed can be fed in a counter-flow or co-flow orientation the first principle is realized in metal/stainless steel or silicon/stainless steel devices [39, 41], the latter in glass chip devices [40, 44 6]. 

P 68] No detailed experimental protocol was given [61, 62,142,143]. Two reactant streams, the solution of the reactant in hexane and concentrated sulfuric acid, were fed separately in a specially designed micro reactor by pumping action. There, a bilayer was formed initially, potentially decomposed to a dispersion, and led to rapid mass transfer between the phases. From this point, temperature was controlled by counter-flow heat exchange between the reaction channel and surrounding heat-transfer channel. The reaction was typically carried out at temperatures from 0 to 50 °C and using residence times of only a few seconds. If needed, a delay loop of... 

In advance, comparative fixed-bed measurements were undertaken. It was ensured that the performance of a plug-flow operation with both flows having the same direction is superior to trickle-bed operation, using counter-flow instead. The plug flow was assumed to model the slug-flow behavior in the micro reactor. 

In a first set of experiments, the impact of the sodium hydroxide concentration (0.1, 1.0, 2.0 M) and gas-flow direction (co-current, counter-flow) was analysed (50 ml h liquid flow, 65 pm film thickness) [5]. The higher the base concentration, the higher is the conversion of carbon dioxide. For aU concentrations, complete absorption is achieved, but at different carbon dioxide contents in the gas mixture. The higher the carbon dioxide content, the higher is the gas flow velocity and the larger must be the sodium hydroxide concentration for complete absorption. The gas flow direction had no significant effect on carbon dioxide absorption as the gas velocities were still low, so that no pronounced co- or counter-flow operation was realized. 

Use the rinse bath water again in a different area. For example, if there is a line with a chromic acid etch bath followed by counter-flow rinse baths and a neutralizer bath followed by counter-flow rinse baths, use the dirtiest rinse after the neutralizer bath and pipe it to the rinse baths after the chromic acid tank. This saves water and reduces sludge. 

Spraying or aerating the rinses uses less water and does a better job. Also, counter-flow rinses will save water. 

Let us reconsider the critical flame temperature criterion for extinction. Williams [25], in a review of flame extinction, reports the theoretical adiabatic flame temperatures for different fuels in counter-flow diffusion flame experiments. These temperatures decreased with the strain rate (ua0/x), and ranged from 1700 to 2300 K. However, experimental measured temperatures in the literature tended to be much lower (e.g. Williams [25] reports 1650 K for methane, 1880 K for iso-octane and 1500 K for methylmethracrylate and heptane). He concludes that 1500 50 K can represent an approximate extinction temperature for many carbon-hydrogen-oxygen fuels burning in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures without chemical inhibitors . 

FIGURE 5.2 Schematic of seals typically found in aplanar design SOFC stack with metallic interconnect and metallic internal gas manifold channels (possibly for counter flow pattern of fuel and air gases). 

Pure counter-flow, 73 194 Pure cultures, in microbial... 

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