Montmorillonite organically modified

The incorporation of unmodified and organically modified montmorillonite nanoclays (namely 15A and 30B) in chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) by the solution intercalation method and their influence on mechanical properties of the nanocomposites have been studied by Kar et al. [137]. The o-MMT-embedded nanocomposites show enhanced tensile strength and Young s modulus in comparison to the nanocomposites containing the unmodified nanoclay. They have shown from and XRD analyses that organically modified clay shows better dispersion in the CPE matrix. This has been further substantiated from FTIR analysis, which proves an interaction between the CPE matrix and the clay intercalates. 

Xiao, J., Hu, Y., Wang, Z., Tang, Y., Chen, Z., and Fan, W., Preparation and characterization of poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites from thermally stable organic-modified montmorillonite, Eur. Polym. J. (2005), 41,1030-1035. 

Vaia, R. A., Liu, W., and Koemer, H. Analysis of small-angle scattering of suspensions of organically modified montmorillonite Implications to phase behavior of polymer nanocomposites, J. Polym. Sci. B.Polym. Phys. (2003), 41, 3214-3236. 

A series of five nanocomposite elastomer systems were prepared for this study incorporating 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8% (on total resin mass) of the organically modified montmorillonite clay Cloisite 6A. The appropriate level of Cloisite was dispersed in a starting resin blend of OH terminated PDMS (M -77,000 and Mn -550 g mol in a 3 1 ratio) by a combination of mechanical mixing and ultrasonic processing to give a nano-dispersion of clay platelets. The blend was subsequently crosslinked with a stoichiometric level of tetrapropoxysilane (TPOS) in the presence of 5% diphenylmethylsilanol (DPMS) chain terminator and 5% tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate catalyst, cured in an open mould at 65°C for twenty minutes, then removed from the mould and post cured for a further fifteen hours at 65°C to give an elastomeric mat. 

Lim, S.K. Kim, J.W. Chin, L Kwon, Y.K. Choi, H.J. Preparation and interaction characteristics of organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposite with miscible polymer blend of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate). Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 1989-1994. 

NWPCA National Wooden Pallet and Container ONON organically modified montmorillonite... 

MEH-PPV clay hybrid nanocomposite materials prepared by in situ polymerization in organically modified montmorillonite show a comparatively higher current and a lower tum-on voltage. By controlling the ratio of monomeric precursors to montmorillonite, exfoliated nanocomposites can be obtained. In intercalated structures, the polymer chains are merely inserted into the interlayer spaces of the montmorillonite. However, in the exfoliated structure, two-dimensional nanospaces will no longer be present. 

The properties of the blends can be still further improved by adding organically modified montmorillonite to form layered silicate nanocom-posites. " ... 

K. Z. Setshedi, M. Bhaumik, S. Songwane, M. S. Onyango, A. Maity, Exfoliated polypyrrole-organically modified montmorillonite clay nanocomposite as a potential adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal. Chem Eng J 2013,222,186-197. 

Recently, in our group, we evaluated the potentiality of a poly(iniide) (PI)/ organically-modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) nanocomposite membrane for the use in alkaline fuel cells [73]. Both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed a good dispersion of O-MMT into the PI matrix and preservation of the O-MMT layered structure. When compared to the pure PI, the addition of O-MMT improved thermal stability and markedly increased the capability of absorbing electrolyte and ionic conductivity of the composite. Based on these results, the PI/ O-MMT nanocomposite is a promising candidate for alkaline fuel cell appUcations. 

Battirola LC, Gasparotto LHS, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Tremiliosi-Filho G (2012) Poly (imide)/ organically-modified montmorillonite nanocomposite as a potential membrane for alkaline fuel cells. Membranes 2 430-439... 

PI with an organically modified Montmorillonite nanocomposite was tested as membrane for alkaline fuel cells [108], In comparison to pure PI, the addition of orgaiucally modified Montmorillonite improves the thermal stability and increases the capability of absorption of electrolyte and increases the ionic conductivity of the composite. 

As mentioned above, the copolymers or nonionic surfactants (or compatibilizers) like PP-g-MA or PE-g-MA are used to achieve better compatibility between the polar clay interlayers and apolar polyolefins matrices [34-44]. Figure 1.4 demonstrates the schematic of compounding of PP with the organically modified montmorillonite in the presence of PP-g-MA. It has been observed in almost all the reported studies that the filler... 

Reddy and Das made a silica-supported zirconocene catalyst in situ, by subliming ZrCl4 onto a high surface area silica, then adding NaCp. This catalyst was combined with an organically modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 20A), mixed with additional MAO (Al/Zr = 500). Propylene polymerization was conducted in the gas phase, at 8 bar and 70°C. Despite the absence of an obvious mechanism for interaction between the catalyst with the clay, or the presence of a solvent to swell the clay, the composite material was claimed to contain delaminated clay on the basis of decreased basal peak intensity in the XRD. The polypropylenes showed low melting points (132°C-134°C) consistent with large amorphous fractions. 

Frankowski, D. J., Capracotta, M. D., Martin, J. D., Khan, S. A., and Spontak, R. J. 2007. Stability of organically modified montmorillonites and their polystyrene nanocomposites after prolonged thermal treatment. Chemistry of Materials 19 2757-2767. 

Jacobs, J. D., Koerner, H., Heinz, H., Farmer, B. L., Mirau, R, Garrett, P. H., and Vaia, R. A. 2006. Dynamics of alkyl ammonium intercalants within organically modified montmorillonite Dielectric relaxation and ionic conductivity. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 20143-20157. 

Mixture surface plot of tensile modulus and of the polypropylene organically modified montmorillonite composites as a function of mixture components. (Reproduced from Mittal, V., /. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., 21, 9, 2008a. With permission from Sage Publishers.)... 

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