Tumors metastasis

Sava, G. Alessio, E. Bergamo, A. Mestroni, G. Sulfoxide Ruthenium Complexes Non Toxic Tools for the Selective Treatment of Solid Tumor Metastases In Metallopharmaceuticals l DNA Interactions, Clarke, M. J. and Sadler, P. J., Ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin, 1999 Vol.l, pp 143-170. 

The hepatocarcinogenicity of dieldrin in mice has been confirmed in several experiments, and in some cases, the liver cell tumors metastasized. No excess of tumors has been observed in a number of bioassays in rats and one bioassay in Syrian golden hamsters. ... 

Blezmger, R, J. Wang, M. Gondo, A. Quezada, D. Mehrens, M. French, A. Srnghal, S. Sullivan, A. RoUand, R. Ralston, and W. Min, Systemic inhibition of tumor growth and tumor metastases by intramuscular administration of the endostatin gene. Nat Biotechnol, 1999.17(4) 343-8. 

Chen, C.H., Ji, H., Suh, K.W., Choti, M.A., Pardoll, D.M. and Wu, T.C. (1999) Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination induces antitumor immunity against human papillomavirus type 16 E7-expressing murine tumor metastases in the liver and lungs. Gene Ther., 6, 1972-1981. 

Zeidman, I., McCutcheon, M. and Coman, D. R. (1950) Factors affecting the number of tumor metastases experiments with a transplantable mouse tumor. Cancer Res 10, 357-359. 

Tissues that contain high molecular weight HA are unusually resistant to invasion and penetration.49 Blood vessels are unable to penetrate joint synovium, cartilage, and the vitreous of the eye. It is also unusual for tumor metastases to develop in these structures. It may be the large size of the HA polymer that also protects such structures from invasion by parasites. The mechanism by which such high molecular weight structures resist hyaluronidase degradation, and avoid the rapid HA turnover characteristic of the rest of the body is not known. Potent hyaluronidase inhibitors may be involved, a class of molecules about which little is known. 

Bertrand, P. et al., Increased hyaluronidase levels in breast tumor metastases, Int. J. Cancer, 73, 327, 1997. 

Rabbani SA, Gladu J. Urokinase receptor antibody can reduce tumor volume and detect the presence of occult tumor metastases in vivo. Cancer Res 2002 62(8) 2390-2397. 

One lineage choice that occurs rather late in T-cell ontogeny is the development of NKT cells. NKT cells express markers of both NK cells and T lymphocytes. These include Ly49 family receptors NKl.l and TCR in mice. Mature NKT cells are CD44 CD69, a phenotype consistent with an activated cell. A hallmark of NKT cells is copious IL-4 and IFN-y secretion promptly upon TCR activation. Because of this property, NKT cells most Likely possess regulatory fimctions. They suppress multiple autoimmune phenomena, and in some cases, inhibit tumor metastases. Unlike conventional a 3 T cells that are selected by classical MHC class I and II, the vast majority of NKT cells are selected by the non-polymoiphic class I-like molecule, CD Id. 

Boeryd, B., Ganelius, T., Lundin, P. and Mellgren, J. (1966). Counting and sizing of tumor metastases in experimental oncology. Inti. J. Cancer 1, 497-502. 

An exposure-related increase in the incidence of hepatocellular tumors was observed in female mice exposed to unleaded gasoline vapors for 2 years (MacFarland et al. 1984). Some of these tumors metastasized to the lungs. 

Chu BCF, Whiteley JM. Control of solid tumor metastases with a high molecular weight derivative of methotrexate. J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 62 79-82. 

Ben-EUyahu S, Page GG, Yirmiya R, Taylor AN. Acute alcohol intoxication suppresses natural killer cell activity and promotes tumor metastases. Nature Med 1996 2 457 60. 

Most NETs of the distal small bowel occur in the terminal ileum and arise from serotonin-producing enterochromaffin (EC) cells. Because CDX2 is positive in EC cells, nearly all terminal ileal NET express CDX2 (see Eig. 14.29). These distal small bowel NETs are negative for PDX-l. Even at small sizes (1 to 2 cm), these are aggressive tumors, often presenting with lymph node and hepatic metastases. When these tumors metastasize to the liver, patients can develop a carcinoid syndrome. 

Among other rare sources of tumors metastasizing to bladder, mammary carcinoma deserves a cautionary note. The possibility of a breast metastasis should be raised when presented with an epithelial infiltration in... 

Radioactive Strontium. The only respiratory effects reported for the study in which beagle dogs were exposed to soluble aerosols of 90SrCl2 (Boecker et al. 1969 Gillett et al. 1987b) were late primary cancers of the respiratory tract or tumors metastasizing to the lung. These effects are discussed in Section 3.2.1.7 Cancer. 

In addition, inhibiting P-selectin may also prove to be useful for stopping the spread cf tumors. Metastasizing tumor cells recognize P-selectin on platelets and use them as a protective shield against immune system cells. The development indications for rPSGL-Ig are not only in inflammation but also cancer. 

Several diseases are known which are associated with BBB disruption. These include brain tumor metastases epilepsy and the more severe condition of status epilepticus cerebrovascular disorders autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis acute cerebral infarcts meningeal carcinomatosis and ischemic white matter lesions. " Several genetic polymorphisms are known which increase the susceptibility to BBB disruption. These include polymorphisms in glutathione transferase, important for protection against oxidative stress, and malfunctioning variants of serum BChE (e.g., atypical BC/ffi). In particular, such mutations increase the risk of BBB disruption that is involved with exposure to anticholinesterases or to lead sulfate batteries, with subsequent increased risk for Parkinson s disease. ... 

Fig. (6). Antimetastatic effects of tuna triacylglycerols in mice with intrasplenically implanted LLC. A) The inhibition of number of colonies of LLC tumors metastasizing in the liver on day 21 in mice with intrasplenically implanted LLC. Values arc means SE. B) Photographs of tumor metastasis to the liver by tuna triacylglyccrol treatment. C) Histology of LLC tumors metastasizing in the liver by tuna triacylglycerol treatment.

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