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White matter lesions

The exact mechanism of action of most volatile substances remains unknown. Altered function of ionotropic receptors and ion channels throughout the central nervous system has been demonstrated for a few. Nitrous oxide, for example, binds to NMDA receptors and fuel additives enhance GABAa receptor function. Most inhalants produce euphoria increased excitability of the VTA has been documented for toluene and may underlie its addiction risk. Other substances, such as amyl nitrite ("poppers"), primarily produce smooth muscle relaxation and enhance erection, but are not addictive. With chronic exposure to the aromatic hydrocarbons (eg, benzene, toluene), toxic effects can be observed in many organs, including white matter lesions in the central nervous system. Management of overdose remains supportive. [Pg.723]

De Leeuw FE, de Groot JC, Achten E, Oudkerk M, Ramos LM, Heijboer R, Hofman A, Jolles J, van Gijn J, Breteler MM (2001) Prevalence of cerebral white matter lesions in elderly people a population based magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70 9-14 Hachinski VC, Potter P, Merskey H (1987) Leukoaraiosis. Arch Neurol 44 21-23... [Pg.158]

Oppenheimer SM, Bryan RN, Conturo TE, Soher BJ, Preziosi TJ, Barker PB (1995) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gadolinium-DTPA perfusion imaging of asymptomatic MRI white matter lesions. Magn Reson Med 33 61-68... [Pg.158]

Vermeer SE, Hollander M, van Dijk EJ, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Breteler MM (2003) Silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions increase stroke risk in the general population the Rotterdam Scan Study. Stroke 34 1126-1129... [Pg.158]

Hereditary Disorders Associated with White Matter Lesions 199... [Pg.193]

White matter lesions have been already quite extensively studied with CT and the patchy or diffuse abnormalities in the deep white matter, which... [Pg.193]

Histopathological features of white matter lesions include diffuse myelin pallor (sparing the U-fibers, that are supplied by cortical branches), astrocytic gliosis, widening of perivascular spaces, and loss of oligodendrocytes leading to rarefaction, spongiosis, as well as loss of myelin and axons without definite necrosis, which has also been described as incomplete white matter infarction, which may finally... [Pg.194]

DWI promises to have tremendous value in accurately localizing the subcortical or brainstem lesion(s). A summary of studies of DWI in patients with lacunar stroke is provided in Table 13.2. It is noteworthy that there is also a group of patients with lacunar infarction who harbor multiple chronic white matter lesions on the conventional MRI and present with non-specific syndromes that could not be attributed to a specific arterial territory. Such symptoms include worsening of a preexisting dysarthria, dysphagia or ataxia, sudden appearance of emotional incontinence or recent onset bowel or bladder problems. Excellent diagnostic performance of DWI in lacunar infarctions may help to prove ischemia as the cause of non-specific neurological symptoms in such patients. [Pg.199]

Fig. 13.4. Transverse FLAIR images of a CADASIL patient. Note the location of white matter lesions in the external capsule and close to the temporal pole anterior to the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles... Fig. 13.4. Transverse FLAIR images of a CADASIL patient. Note the location of white matter lesions in the external capsule and close to the temporal pole anterior to the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles...
Bogousslavsky J, Van Melle G, Regli F (1988) The Lausanne Stroke Registry analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first stroke. Stroke 19 1083-1092 Brant-Zawadzki M, Fein G, Van Dyke C, Kiernan R, Davenport L, de Groot J (1985) MR imaging of the aging brain patchy white-matter lesions and dementia. Am J Neurora-diol 6 675-682... [Pg.205]

DeCarli C, Miller BL, Swan GE, Reed T, Wolf PA, Garner J, Jack L, Carmelli D (1999) Predictors of brain morphology for the men of the NHLBI Twin Study. Stroke 30 529-536 De Leeuw FE, de Groot JC, Oudkerk M, Witteman JC, Hofman A, van Gijn J, Breteler MM (1999) A follow-up study of blood pressure and cerebral white matter lesions. Ann Neurol 46 827-833... [Pg.206]

Dubois MF, Hebert R (2001) The incidence of vascular dementia in Canada a comparison with Europe and East Asia. Neuroepidemiology 20 179-187 Englund E (2002) Neuropathology of white matter lesions in vascular cognitive impairment. Cerebrovasc Dis 13 [Suppl 2] 11-15... [Pg.206]

Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, Toole JF, Bryan NR, Hutchinson RG, Tyroler HA (1996) Presence and severity of cerebral white matter lesions and hypertension, its treatment, and its control. The ARIC study. Atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Stroke 27 2262-2270... [Pg.207]

Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, Toole J, Bryan N, Burke G, Shahar E, Nieto J, Mosley T, Heiss G (1997) The prevalence and severity of white matter lesions, their relationship with age, ethnicity, gender, and cardiovascular disease risk factors the ARIC Study. Neuroepidemiology 16 149-162 Lie C, Hirsch JG, Rossmanith C, Hennerici MG, Gass A (2004) Clinicotopographical correlation of corticospinal tract stroke a color-coded diffusion tensor imaging study. Stroke. 35 86-92... [Pg.207]

Skoog I, Berg S, Johansson B, Palmertz B, Andreasson LA (1996) The influence of white matter lesions on neuropsychological functioning in demented and non-demented 85-year-olds. Acta Neurol Scand 93 142-148 Summergrad P, Peterson B (1989) Binswanger s disease, part... [Pg.208]

Van Dijk EJ, Breteler MM, Schmidt R, Berger K, Nilsson LG, Oudkerk M, Pajak A, Sans S, de Ridder M, Dufouil C, Fuhrer R, Giampaoli S, Launer LJ, Hofman A CASCADE Consortium (2004) The association between blood pressure, hypertension, and cerebral white matter lesions cardiovascular determinants of dementia study. Hypertension 44 625-630... [Pg.208]

The association of white matter lesions seems to contribute to morbidity. Cortical laminar changes on MRI without concomitant white matter abnormali-... [Pg.246]

Bots ML, van Swieten JC, Breteler MMB et al (1993). Cerebral white matter lesions and atherosclerosis in the Rotterdam study. Lancet 341 1232-1237... [Pg.82]

White matter lesion affecting > 25% white matter... [Pg.364]

It should be noted that the abnormalities on brain imaging described above are not exclusive to or diagnostic of vascular cognitive impairment deep white matter lesions and periventricular lesions have been shown in 50% and 90%, respectively, of patients with Alzheimer s disease and are also often present in patients with Lewy body disease (Barber et al. 1999). [Pg.374]

Frisoni GB, Galluzzi S, Pantoni L et al. (2007). The effect of white matter lesions on cognition in the elderly-small but detectable. [Pg.378]

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.175 ]



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