LLC tumor metastasis

F. (2). Effects of royal jelly on LLC tumor metastasis to the liver on day 21 in LLC-bearing mice. 

LLC-bearing mice had tumor metastasis to the liver, with about 50 tumors colonies per mouse Fig. (6) . Tuna triacylglycerols (1000 or 2000 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of tumor cell colonies that metastasized to the liver compared with the number in intrasplenic untreated LLC-bearing mice. The growth of metastatic tumors in the livers of LLC-bearing mice was also inhibited by orally administered tuna triacylglycerols (1000 or 2000 mg/kg) Fig. (6) . 

The mice with subcutaneously implanted LLC cells showed tumor metastasis to the lungs. EPAD (1000 mg/kg) reduced the number of metastatic tumor colonies in the lungs compared with that in the untreated LLC-bearing mice, but EPA ethylester (300 or 1000 mg/kg) and EPAD (300 mg/kg) had no effect Table (4) . 

Table 16. ElTecIs of fractions 1 and 2 derived from ethyl acetate fraction of A. heiskei root on tumor volume and tnmor weight in LlX -bearing mice, and on long weight and tumor metastasis to lung in dead and snrviving carcinectomized LLC-bearing mice...

Fig. (6). Antimetastatic effects of tuna triacylglycerols in mice with intrasplenically implanted LLC. A) The inhibition of number of colonies of LLC tumors metastasizing in the liver on day 21 in mice with intrasplenically implanted LLC. Values arc means SE. B) Photographs of tumor metastasis to the liver by tuna triacylglyccrol treatment. C) Histology of LLC tumors metastasizing in the liver by tuna triacylglycerol treatment.

Table 6. Effects of MeOH extract of Cassia garrettiana heartwood oa tumor volame aud lung metastasis in LLC-bearing mice...

Antitumor and antimetastatic effects of royal jelly significantly did not differ at doses between 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/k of royal jelly. As shown in Fig. (3) , metastasis to the liver was caused by implantation of LLC cells. The area of metastatic tumors in the liver in royal jelly-treated mice was smaller than that in control mice Fig. (3) and Table (1) . 

TaUe 4. Effects of EPA etkylester and EPAO on the tumor weight and lung metastasis on day 29 in mice with subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) "... 

Xanthangelol (50 mg/kg, twice daily) inhibited metastasis to the lung in tumor-removed mice and the increase of lung weight that occurred in tumor-removed mice Table (17) . Next, we examined the effects of xanthoangelol on liver metastasis in mice with intrasplenically implanted LLC. 

Fig. (20). Effects of xanthoangelol on tumor weight (o) and metastasis to the liver (6) in intrasplenic LLC-implanted mice.

As shown in Fig. (27) , 4-hydroxyderricin (25 or 50 mg/kg, twice daily) inhibited metastasis to the lung in tumor-removed mice and the increase of lung weight that occurred in tumor-removed mice. In this study, we found that the number of lymphocytes, CD4" T, CDS T and NK cells in the spleen of LLC-removed mice were reduced compared to those of normal mice. 4-Hydroxyderricin (50 mg/kg x 2/day) inhibited the reduction of lymphocyte, CD4 and CDS" T cells and NK cell number in tumor-removed mice. On the other hand, the numbers of lymphocytes, CD4 T, CD8 T and NK cells were further reduced by the intraperitoneal administered doxorubicin compared to LLC-removed mice Table (18) . 

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