Tris Nonyl Phenylated Phenyl Phosphite

The widely used method for the determination of this stabiliser is based on the determination of phosphorus. This involves a tedious preliminary digestion with nitric and perchloric acids. Kellum [84] has described a colorimetric method for determining Polygard based on hydrolysis to nonyl phenol, followed by coupfing with p-nitro benzene-diazonium fluoroborate and colorimetric estimation at 550 nm  

Various other phenoUc antioxidants produced dyes under these conditions, namely, Wingstay S, Agerite Superlite and Nevastain A. The procedure was applied to the determination of Polygard in dry rubber and latexes and the results obtained showed good precision. Good agreement was obtained between this procedure and direct determinations of phosphorus by elemental analysis. 

Brandt [85] has described an alternate method for the determination of Polygard in styrene-butadiene rubber which utilises the bathochromic shift in the spectrum of phenols resulting from the formation of phenolate ions in alkaline solution. 

Polygard in iso-octane has a UV spectrum with a peak at 273 nm in nentral solntion. By adding a strong base (tetrahntylammonium hydroxide) the Polygard is hydrolysed and the peak is shifted to 296 nm. The difference in absorbance at 299 nm between the neutral and alkaline solntions is directly proportional to the amount of Polygard present. By use of this bathochromic shift, interference of nonphenolic impurities is eliminated and a backgronnd correction factor is not required. 

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The most predominant volatile compound identified was dibutyl adipate which is a decomposition product of DOA. The second predominant volatile compound was 4-nonyl phenol which is again a decomposition product of the antioxidant tris-nonyl phenyl phosphite. Most short-chain phthalates were considered to be either decomposition or transesterification products of DOP, which indicated that the type and the amount of additives could be a major cause of off-odor problem. 

DLTDP + 0.1% tris(nonyl-phenyl) phosphite (tris) 18... 

The variety of substances used as additives in polymers is considerable. For example, the fillers may include china clay, various forms of calcium carbonate, talc, silicas (diatomaceous silica), silicates, carbon black, etc. The impact modifiers typically include other polymers. Plasticizers include certain polymers with low (oligomers), dialkyl phthalates, dialkyl sebacates, chlorinated paraffin waxes, liquid paraffinic fractions, oil extracts, etc. Heat stabilizers include heavy metals salts such as basic lead carbonate, basic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite (also acting as a light stabilizer), dibasic lead phthalate, stearates, ricinoleates, palmitates and octanoates of cadmium and barium, epoxide resins and oils, amines, diphenylurea, 2-phenylindole, aminocrotonates. The antioxidants include tris-nonyl phenyl phosphite, 2,6-di-ferf-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), octadecyl-3,5-di-terf-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, etc. The UV stabilizers include modified benzophenones and benzotriazoles. Processing lubricants include calcium stearate, stearic acid, lead stearate, various wax derivatives, glyceryl esters and long-chain acids. Fire retardants include antimony oxide, some pyrophosphates, etc. 

Doverphos [Ashland]. TM for tris(nonyl-phenyl)phosphite. 

Like impact polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS) are sensitive to oxidation caused by the unsaturation of the elastomeric component. The processes for the manufacture of ABS require the drying (at 100°C-150°C) of powdery polymers that are extremely sensitive to oxidation. Thus, antioxidants have to be added before the coagulation step, normally in emulsified form, although sometimes in solution. The primary antioxidants are frequently sued together with a synergist. Primary anti-oxidants commonly used for ABS are BHT, 2,2 -methylenebis-(4-ethyl or methyl-6-tert-hutyl-phenol), 2,2 -methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexyl-phenol), 2,2 -methylenehis-(4-methyl-6-nonyl-phenol), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, and l,l,3-tris-(5-tert-hutyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butane. Important synergists are tris-(nonyl-phenyl)-phosphite and dilauryl thiodipropionate. These antioxidants are either liquids or show comparatively low melting points, which is an important prerequisite for the formation of stable emulsions. 

Organophosphites are secondary antioxidants which reduce hydroperoxides to alcohols. They inhibit the discolouration reaction experienced by phenolics. Tris-nonyl phenyl phosphite (TNPP) is the most commonly used. The disadvantage of phosphates is their high hygroscopicity. Thioesters act as secondary antioxidants by destroying hydroperoxides to form stable sulphur derivatives. In addition, thioesters impart high heat stability to polyolefins, polystyrene and its copolymers. The m or disadvantage of thioesters is their unpleasant odour which is transferred to the host polymer. 

HIPS with BS(B S )n terminated with 2,4-di-rert-butyl-p-cresol and tris (nonyl-phenyl)phosphite Eot adhesiveness Shiraki et al. 1986... 

Polygard Tris (nonylated phenyl) phosphite Must be hydrolysed before it will couple ... 

Elastomers. Polyunsaturated elastomers are sensitive to oxidation. Stabilizers are added to the elastomers prior to vulcanization to protect the rubber during drying and storage. Nonstaining antioxidants such as buty-lated hydroxytoluene (1), 2,4-bis(octylthiomethyl)-6-methylphenol [110553-27-0], 4,4 -bis(a, a -dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine (14), or aphosphite such as tris(nonyl-phenyl)phosphite (24) may be used in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.5%. 

Similar effects to these were also observed with polystyrene containing other ultraviolet absorbing additives. Thus, the influence of a mixture of 0.4% w/w tris-(nonylated phenyl phosphite (Polygard) and 0.2% w/w 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (lonol CP) on the determination of styrene monomer is shown in Table 1.8. 

Polygard, (tris(nonyl phenyl) phosphite) Irganox 1010 (pentaerythritol tetra-3(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionate) Irganox 1076 (Octadecyl 3(3,5 di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate)... 

Polygard (tris-nonylated phenyl) phosphite, Agerite Supealite NevastainA Polygard (tris-nonylated phenyl) phosphite... 

Antioxidants such a lonol CP (2,6,di-tert-butyl / -cresol), lonox 330 (1,3,5-tri-methyl-2,4-6-tri(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene), Polygard (tris (nonylated phenyl) phosphite), Wingstay T (described as a butylated cresol), and Wingstay W and many others, do not interfere in this procedure. 

Barium/cadmium (Ba/Cd) and barium/cadmium/zinc (Ba/Cd/Zn) based stabilisers are general purpose stabilisers for plasticised PVC. Large quantities are consumed in leathercloth, calendered sheeting, extrusions, injection moulded footwear and flooring. They are not suitable for cable extrusion due to their inferior electrical properties. They exhibit synergism with phosphite chelators such as tris nonyl phenyl phosphite, and are often used with 3-5 phr of epoxidised vegetable oils as co-stabilisers. 

Phosphite chelators such as tris-nonyl phenyl phosphite are used as co-stabilisers with Ba/Cd and Ca/Zn to improve heat and light stability at an addition level of about 0.5 phr. Similar co-stabilising effects are shown by the epoxidised vegetable oils such as epoxidised soya bean oil, used at 3-5 phr. Epoxies may also be used at higher levels of 10-15 phr as secondary plasticisers to improve low temperature performance, when their presence also improves compound heat stability. Epoxidised soya bean oils are regarded as non-toxic and are therefore widely used as co-stabilisers in rigid and flexible food packaging applications. 

The amine antioxidants discussed above have the problem that they discolor the rubber products. They are not suitable for products intended to be light colored. With the development of synthetic rubber in the 1930s and 1940s, which was initially white from its polymerization reactors, it became even more desirable to develop non-staining antioxidants [ 1 ]. Substances such as hydroquinone, resorcinol, 1-naphtol, and 2-naphthol had been claimed as antioxidants early in the century [6, 7]. By the 1940s tris(nonyl phenyl)phosphite (Polygard )... 

As indicated above, a second class of antioxidation is the peroxide decomposition mechanism, which has proven to be very important for elastomers. The peroxide decomposition for tris(nonyl phenyl)phosphite antioxidant (Formula 4.2) is shown in Formula 4.11. 

Representative compounds of importance in polypropylene stabilization are tris( mixed nonyl phenyl) phosphite and dilauryl thiodipropionate-(DLTDP). The aryl phosphite is used in film grade resins and in other... 

Worldwide production of APEs is about 390,000 tons, and about 80% of it is used to produce octyl- or nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) nonionic surfactants. About 10% of it is used in manufacturing phosphite antioxidants (tris(4-nonyl-phenyl) phosphite used in rubber and plastics compounds. The stabilizers and plasticizers based on NP are also used in plastics intended for food-contact applications. They are not highly persistent chemicals and once discharged into the environment, APEs rapidly hydrolyze into alkylphenols that are subsequently slowly biodegraded by microorganisms. The USEPA criteria concentrations for freshwater NP exposure is CMC = 28 acute-pg/1 and CCC = 6.6 chronic-pg/l aquatic community might be exposed to >CMC concentration only briefly and [Pg.209]

Phenol, p-nonyl-. See p-Nonyl phenol Phenol, nonyl-, phosphite (3 1). See Tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite Phenol, octyl. See Octylphenol Phenol, pentachloro-. See Pentachlorophenol Phenol, pentachloro-, potassium salt. See Potassium pentachlorphenate Phenol, o-phenyl, potassium deriv.. See Potassium o-phenylphenate... 

Lead carbonate basic Lead 2-ethylhexoate Lead phthalate, dibasic Lead stearate, dibasic Lead sulfate, basic Magnesium/aluminum/hydroxide/carbonate Methyltin tris (isooctylthioglycollate) Methyltin tris (2-mercaptoethyl oleate) p-Nonyl phenol (n-Octyl) tin S,S, S" tris (isooctyl mercaptoacetate) 2-Phenyl indole Thiodiglycol di-P-aminocrotonate Tris (nonyiphenyi) phosphite Tris (tridecyl) phosphite Zinc laurate Zinc stearate... 

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