Epoxidised soya bean oil

Vinylidene dichloride film Epoxidised soya bean oil Acetyl tribntyl citrate... 

The use of IR spectroscopy for the identification of plasticisers was discussed in Section 2.4. Separation by SEC is often required to confirm the use of polymeric plasticisers. Most of the common plasticisers for plastic materials can be detected and analysed either by GC-MS or LC-MS. Complex plasticisers such as epoxidised soya bean oil can be fully characterised by LC-MS using chromatography in hexane/propionitrile with detection by positive ion APCI. 

Castle, L., Mayo, A., Gilbert, 1990, Migration of epoxidised soya bean oil foods from retail packaging materials and from plasticised PVC film used in the hame. Food Add. Contam. 7,1,29-36. 

The most common plasticiser used in this application is di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), in combination with polymeric plasticisers and epoxidised soya bean oil. 

There always has been an interest in additives that perform both a plasticising and heat stabilising effect. The most obvious of these is epoxidised soya bean oil (ESBO), or epoxidised esters, which can be incorporated at 2-6 phr (particularly with mixed metal heat stabilisers), to improve heat stability by HC1 absorption and also give a secondary plasticisation... 

MIGRATION OF EPOXIDISED SOYA BEAN OIL FROM PLASTICISED PVC GASKETS INTO BABYFOOD... 

They include polyols (mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol or pentaerythritol), hindered phenol antioxidants, the dihydropyridines, epoxidised soya bean oil, certain other epoxy compounds such as isooctyl epoxystearate, the alkyl phosphites (triphenyl phosphite, trisnonylphenyl phosphite, tristearyl phosphite or a diphosphite), 1,3-diketones, and the ketocarboxylates. 

Epoxidised soya bean oil and linseed oil are resistant to migration and find favour in food packaging, but they have a high viscosity and poor plasticising ability. Mixtures of two plasticisers are often employed to achieve the right balance. 

The amoimt of plasticiser required can sometimes be reduced by replacing part of it with a different, cheaper softening agent, sometimes known as an extender. Extenders have similar effects to plasticisers, but are not capable of completely replacing them because of their inadequate compatibility. Examples include the chlorinated hydrocarbons, epoxidised soya bean oil and epoxidised linseed oil. These last two substances have already been described as plasticisers the boimdaiy between plasticisers and extenders is not sharp, becanse compatibiUty depends on the formulation. Note that the term extender is sometimes used for other low cost additives designed to bulk out the volume of a mix, such as cheap fillers. 

Traditional substances used as co-stabilisers include polyols, epoxidised soya bean oil, phosphites and certain antioxidants. Arkema markets Stavinor calcium stearate co-stabilisers for use with calcimn-zinc systems. Akcros Chemicals sells P24D, which stands for pyrrolidene-2,4-dione. Siid-Chemie is now marketing a synthetic hydrotalcite, Sorbacid 911, while the PQ Corporation is selling two grades of aluminosilicate (zeolite) imder the name Advera 401. They act as scavengers for acids and metal chlorides, and enable users of tin mercaptides to use less tin, saving on material costs. They also allow stabiUsation to take place with the very low tin levels required by law in food contact applications. 

A combination of DEHP and epoxidised soya bean oil is said to be fairly resistant to irradiation, and butyryl-n-trihexyl citrate is reported to be a safe alternative to DEHP for storing red blood cells in PVC bags, at least for limited periods. 

It has been proposed that infants between six and twelve months old can safely be exposed to epoxidised soya bean oil migrating from PVC gaskets at levels up to four or five times the permitted total daily intake (TDI) because of the wide safety limits built into the TDI, but that a specific migration limit for epoxidised soya bean oil in baby foods should be determined. 

In situ generation of performic and peracetic acids has an important application in producing epoxidised soya bean oil (ESBO), a plasticiser and stabiliser. Acetic acid is often recycled. Technology for manufacture of propylene oxide [15] and of epichlorhydrin [16] using internal recycle systems for peracetic or perpropionic acids was developed, but for these products the costs have not been quite competitive with current routes, up to now. 

Aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester plasticisers such as adipates are readily identifiable when present on their own. Significant levels of DOA (di-2-ethylhexyl adipate) can be seen in the presence of DOP and levels of 20%, 30% and 40% DOA in DOP can be distinguished one from another. ESBO (epoxidised soya bean oil) cannot be detected in DOP at the 10% level, a typical amount. 

Lankroflex L Epoxidised Linseed Oil Lankroflex E2307 Epoxidised Soya Bean Oil Lankroflex E2414 E xidised Soya Bean Oil Lankroflex EDS Octyl Epoxy Stearate... 

It is common practice to combine two or more categories of stabilisers to take advantage of synergistic effects, eg barium/cadmium stabilisers with phosphite chelators, and calcium/zincs with pentaerythritol. The activity of both Ba/Cd and Ca/Zn stabilisers is also enhanced by combi nation with epoxidised oils, particularly epoxidised soya bean oil. 

Phosphite chelators such as tris-nonyl phenyl phosphite are used as co-stabilisers with Ba/Cd and Ca/Zn to improve heat and light stability at an addition level of about 0.5 phr. Similar co-stabilising effects are shown by the epoxidised vegetable oils such as epoxidised soya bean oil, used at 3-5 phr. Epoxies may also be used at higher levels of 10-15 phr as secondary plasticisers to improve low temperature performance, when their presence also improves compound heat stability. Epoxidised soya bean oils are regarded as non-toxic and are therefore widely used as co-stabilisers in rigid and flexible food packaging applications. 

Often non reactive plasticisers, such as saturated polyester adipates or epoxidised soya bean oils, are added in small quantities to thermosetting acrylics to improve the flexibility or drawing properties of the coating. 

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