Treatment effectiveness

Boyce. M.P., Schiller, R.N., and Desai, A.R., Study of Casing Treatment Effects in Axial-flow Compressors, ASME Paper No. 74-GT-89. 

As a result of several studies, the following conclusions regarding viruses in sewage warrant consideration (1) primary sewage treatment has little effect on enteric viruses (2) secondary treatment with trickling filters removes only about 40 percent of the enteroviruses (3) secondary treatment by activated sludge treatment effectively removes 90 percent to 98 percent of the viruses and (4) chlorination of treated sewage effluents may reduce, but may not eliminate, the number of viruses present. 

Atomic hydrogen welding Corrosion effect of welding Cracking tendency Prefabrication treatment effects Electric flash welding Flux... 

Note. All glass and silica apparatus to be used should be allowed to stand overnight filled with a 1 1 mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acids and then thoroughly rinsed with de-ionised water. This treatment effectively removes traces of metal ions. 

Kosten TR, Rounsaville BJ, Kleber HD A 2.3-year follow-up of depression, life crises, and treatment effects on abstinence among opioid addicts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43 733-738, 1986a... 

Seecof R, Tennant FS Subjective perceptions to the intravenous rush of heroin and cocaine in opioid addicts. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 12 79—87, 1987 Sees KL, Delucci KL, Masson C, et al Methadone maintenance vs. 180-day psycho-socially enriched detoxification for treatment of opioid dependence a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 283 1303-1310, 2000 Sells SB Treatment effectiveness, in Handbook on Drug Abuse. Edited by Dupont RE, Goldstein A, O Donnell J. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979, pp 105-118... 

Sticht J, Humbert M, Findlow S, Bodem J, Muller B, Dietrich U, Werner J, Krausslich HG (2005) A peptide inhibitor of HIV-1 assembly in vitro. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12 671-677 Stockman LJ, Bellamy R, Garner P (2006) SARS systematic review of treatment effects. PLoS... 

GA better than JS equal treatment effect but lesser degree of exfoliation in GA [5]... 

It is interesting to compare the thermal-treatment effect on the secondary structure of two proteins, namely, bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas viridis (RC). The investigation was done for three types of samples for each object-solution, LB film, and self-assembled film. Both proteins are membrane ones and are objects of numerous studies, for they play a key role in photosynthesis, providing a light-induced charge transfer through membranes—electrons in the case of RC and protons in the case of BR. 

Chan PL, Holford NH. Drug treatment effects on disease progression. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2001 41 625-59. 

An effective HE or cost-effectiveness analysis is designed to answer certain questions, such as Is the treatment effective What will it cost and How do the gains compare with the costs By combining answers to all of these questions, the technique helps decision makers weigh the factors, compare alternative treatments, and decide which treatments are most appropriate for specific situations. Typically, one chooses the option with the least cost per unit of measure gained the results are represented by the ratio of cost to effectiveness (C E). With this type of analysis, called a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), various disease end points that are affected by therapy (risk markers, disease severity, death) can be assessed by corresponding indexes of therapeutic outcome (mmHg blood pressure reduction, hospitalizations averted, life years saved, respectively). It is beyond the scope of this chapter to elaborate further on principles of cost-effectiveness analyses. A number of references are available for this purpose [11-13]. 

Economic studies should cover the full period over which the interventions could be expected to have an effect on resource use, survival and health-related quality of life. However, the economic evaluations of donepezil were based on effectiveness data from a limited number of trials, which were short in duration. This has a number of implications. First, the analysis can be limited to the effect of the drug during the period for which effectiveness data were available. In this case, it may be assumed that the treatment effect ceased after 6 months (Stewart et al, 1998). This assumption would only be valid if the donepezil were also discontinued at 6 months. If this is not the case, then the overall costs of the dmg may be underestimated and the benefits overestimated. 

Fontana, DJ, McMiller, LV and Commissaris, RL (1999) Depletion of brain norepinephrine differential influence on anxiol5dic treatment effects. Psychopharmacology 143 197-208. 

Authors Soy protein/isoflavone treatments Effect on bone measurements... 

The significance level relates to the risk of designating a chance occurrence as statistically significant. Usually a 5% level is utilized for testing treatment effects. If a p-value of 0.04 is reported for a treatment effect, this means that there is only a 4% chance that the difference in response between the active and control treatments occurred due to chance. Keep in mind, however, that if many tests are run in a trial, it is entirely possible that one or two might be significant due to chance. As an extreme example, consider a study in which 100 statistical tests are run. We would expect five of those tests to show significance with a p-value of 0.05 or less due to chance. Therefore, it is essential to specify the main tests to be run in the protocol. Any tests that are conducted after the trial has been completed should be clearly labeled as post hoc exploratory analyses. 

The early report by Bradley (1937) on beneficial treatment effects with amphetamine in aggressive, destructive, irritable, and hyperactive boys was repeatedly eonfirmed by double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Significant reductions in aggressive behavior and improvements in social interactions were found after treatment with 10 to 40 mg/day of d- or /-amphetamine for boys and girls, 5 to 14 years of age, who had been diagnosed as... 

Preliminary Literature Review of the Impacts of Water Treatment on Pesticide Removal and Transformations in Drinking Water, in Progress Report on Estimating Pesticide Concentrations in Drinking Water and Assessing Water Treatment Effects on Pesticide Removal and Transformation a Consultation, Session VI. USEPA, Washington, DC (2000). Also available on the World Wide Web http //www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap 000/index.htm, accessed September 2002. 

The major goals for the treatment of ischemic heart disease are to prevent acute coronary syndromes and death, alleviate acute symptoms of myocardial ischemia, prevent recurrent symptoms of myocardial ischemia, and avoid or minimize adverse treatment effects. 

A variety of effective pharmacologic treatments exist for nausea and vomiting, but they all have unwanted adverse treatment effects. For this reason, nonpharmacologic treatment options may be considered in selected patients. 

Hypnosis maybe effective for severe NVP.11 Psychotherapy is another non-invasive treatment approach that is safe during pregnancy or in situations in which adverse treatment effects and drug interactions are a concern. One small study suggested that patients with hyperemesis gravidarum may benefit from the combination of psychotherapy and antiemetics. 

Although increases in bone mineral density have been reported at other sites, most of the clinically significant fractures occur in the hip or spine, and these sites have become clinically important measures in the trials. These increases in bone mineral density are an important marker of treatment effects and are related to the benefits found in larger trials of decreased fracture risk. 

Acitretin is an oral retinoid that is likely safer than methotrexate or cyclosporine, especially when considering continuous use over many years.21 The initial dose is 25 mg/day which can be increased to a maximum of 75 mg/day if needed.17 When acitretin is used concurrently with phototherapy (ReUVB or RePUVA), there appears to be a synergistic treatment effect, and the number and duration of phototherapy sessions needed to achieve clearance is reduced.21 RePUVA is a well-established... 

Assess any repeat blood cultures and vital signs to determine continued treatment effectiveness. 

Schechter et al. (7) in their studies on DDT in milk found that interfering extractives are largely removed by treatment with strong sulfuric acid. Furman and Hoskins (2) found the same treatment effective when hexachlorocyclohexane was the contaminating substance, and it has been applied in later work to numerous extracts of plants and animals. The procedure now used when either DDT or hexachlorocyclohexane is suspected is as follows ... 

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