Microscopy process treatment effects

In a related study [62], similar effects on conductivity of SWCNTs were reported, but here a comparison was also made between the effects of nitric acid reflux and air plasma treatment, and an attempt was made to relate the changes observed to the creation of defect sites. The authors did not offer a more concrete proposal regarding the nature of the sites involved in these treatments. After the acid treatment, Raman microscopy results indicated a dramatic change in SWNT electronic structure, and both treatments enhanced the electron transfer kinetics for the oxidation of inner-sphere dopamine. By contrast, both treatments had a negligible effect on the voltammetric response of a simple outer-sphere electron-transfer redox process Ru(NH3)63+/2+. ... 

Applications The physical principle of measurement is similar to the scanning acoustic microscopy discussed in the Section 14.23, but applications and the method of data processing are essentially different. Sonic methods were used in the following applications to filled materials the effect of particle size and surface treatment on acoustic emission of filled epoxy, longitudinal velocity measurement of tungsten filled epoxy, and in-line ultrasonic measurement of fillers during extrusion. Numerous parameters related to fillers can be characterized by this non-destructive method. 

Majd et al. did identify small but statistically significant differences in modulus of the coatings based on DDA and MW of the chitosan, but also noted that brief heat treatments during the coating process had no effect [90]. The presence of needlelike, sheet-like, and small spherulite crystals identified in atomic force microscopy imaging and changes in crystallinity index values as determined in X-ray diffraction were also observed to vary with the DDA and MW of the chitosan material... 

In clinically and epidemiologically severe infectious diseases, the rapid identihcation and detection of the causative organism is crucial for effective control, management, and prompt treatment of the infection. The conventional laboratory methods involve culture, microscopy, and biochemical tests [1]. This process is laborious and takes 2 to 4 days or longer to obtain a result. Culture methods often lack sensitivity, especially for poorly handled samples or clinical samples from patients previously treated with antibiotics [2]. 

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