Effect of surface treatment

It is critical that surface treatment conditions be optimized to composite properties since overtreatment as well as undertreatment will degrade composite properties. Typically composite interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), in-plane shear, and transverse tension ate used to assess the effectiveness of surface treatment. More recently damage tolerance properties such as edge delamination strength, open hole compression, and compression after impact have become more important in evaluating the toughness of composite parts. 

Surface treatment of the composite can have a significant effect on adhesion. Surface treatment enhances one or more of the mechanisms described previously. Wu et al. [15] studied the effects of surface treatment on adhesive bonding for AS-4/APC-2 laminates. They found that the greatest bond strength was achieved from acid etching and plasma etching the composite surface. Table 1 summarizes the various surface treatments that were evaluated. 

Wu, S.Y, Schuler, A.M. and Keane, D.V., Adhesive bonding of thermoplastic composites 1. The effect of surface treatment on adhesive bonding. 9th Int. SAMPE Symp., Oct. 13-15, 1987. 

Norita, T., Malsui, J., Matsuda, H.S. (1986). Effects of surface treatment of carbon fiber on mechanical properties of CFRP. In Proc. ICCI-I, Compo.site Interfaces (H. Ishida and J.L. Koenig, eds.), Elsevier Sci. Pub. New York, pp. 123-132. 

Effect of surface treatment on the tensile strength of glass beads-polyester composites... 

The coarseness of a surface and consequently the effect of surface treatment can be measured with a laser beam. In addition the surface is often investigated by means of various microscopic techniques. The nature of a surface can tell us something of the structure of the material. The information obtained depends on the treatment the area has undergone and the way in which the surface is examined. The researcher may want to determine how many phases there are present in the sample, how they are distributed throughout the sample or what the pores and the pores distribution are like. For these purposes many kinds of light and electron micros-copes are available. 

TABLE 16.3 Effect of Surface Treatment on Aluminum Alloy Joints Bonded with a Heat Cured Epoxy Adhesive (EC-3443, 3M Company)6... 

FIGURE 16.2 Effect of surface treatment on the durability of epoxyaluminum joints exposed to room temperature water immersion. (1) Anodized, (2) grit-blasted plus vapor degrease, (3) vapor degrease, (4) chromate conversion coating.18... 

Flexible epoxy adhesives generally give good bond strengths to heated fluorocarbon surfaces. Table 16.11 shows the effect of surface treatments on the bondability of epoxy... 

TABLE 16.11 Effect of Surface Treatment on Bondability of Epoxy Adhesive to Teflon (Tetrafluoroethylene) and Kel-F (Chlorotrifluoroethylene)65... 

Chapter 4 describes how the electrical nature of corrosion reactions allows the interface to be modeled as an electrical circuit, as well as how this electrical circuit can be used to obtain information on corrosion rates. Chapter 5 focuses on how to characterize flow and how to include its effects in the test procedure. Chapter 6 describes the origins of the observed distributions in space and time of the reaction rate. Chapter 7 describes the applications of electrochemical measurements to predictive corrosion models, emphasizing their use in the long-term prediction of corrosion behavior of metallic packages for high-level nuclear waste. Chapter 8 outlines the electrochemical methods that have been applied to develop and test the effectiveness of surface treatments for metals and alloys. The final chapter gives experimental procedures that can be used to illustrate the principles described. 

The interface between plastic and wood fibres strongly influences the mechanical properties of a plastic/wood fibre composite. A means for evaluating the effectiveness of surface treatment on the wood fibres in the PVC/wood fibre composites is presented that investigated the adhesion between PVC and laminated wood veneers. Wood veneers were first treated with gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, dichlorodiethylsilane, phthalic anhydride, and maleated PP for surface modification. The chemical modification made on the wood surfaces was then characterised by different complementary surface analytical techniques X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface tension measurements. 63 refs. 

In addition to the particle size expressed in the jetness (My-value), the surface chemistry of the pigment blacks has a decisive influence on their processing behavior. The effect of surface treatment on the performance of pigment black in coatings was shown in Section 4.4.7. 

EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT. A gap dependence of the flow curve is indirect evidence of slip. In addition, some role of the solid boundary in slip is clearly implicated in cases where one can show that changes in the wall material or surface treatments of it (such as a teflon coating) influence the magnitude of the apparent slip velocity (Ramamurthy 1986 Hatzikiriakos and Dealy 1991 Wang and Drda 1996). 

We investigated the use of the molding resin powder (<150 m) as a filler for construction materials composed of bisphenol A type epoxy resin and amine type hardener, and compared the material properties with those produced with a silica powder filler (<150 fi m). Furthermore, the effect of surface treatment of the molding resin powder on these properties was examined by using epoxy or amino silane coupling agents, which were added at lwt% to the molding resin powder and heated at 100°C for 1 hr. 

Correlation of Adhesion Forces and Effects of Surface Treatments... 

This equation was used to estimate the interfacial adhesion in comparison with the acid-base properties of glass fibers in LDPE. The effect of surface treatment of glass beads on their interfacial adhesion to PET was also estimated from a mechanical property measurement. A mathematical model describing the adsorption of polymers on filler surfaces related coupling density to the average area available for coupling between rubber and filler surface. ... 

Applications. The following uses of contact angle were reported in the literature surface energy of different sizes for fibers, correlation between contact angle of fiber and interlaminar shear strength of composite, effect of surface treatment of fillers for paints, the matrix-filler adhesion parameter for PS filled with CaCO, dispersion stability of PEO-modified kaolin particles, determination of contact angle of carbon fibers and its dependence on treatment, wettability of fiber sur-... 

Figure 14.4. Effect of surface treatment time on contact angle of carbon fiber. [Adapted, by permission, from Ogawa T, Ikeda M, J. Adhesion, 43, Nos. 1-2, 1993, 69-78.]...

Several examples may be quoted from the literature to illustrate the adsorption of surfactant ions onto soHd surfaces. For a model hydrophobic surface, carbon black has been chosen [22, 23], and Figure 5.5 shows the typical results for the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) onto two carbon black surfaces, namely Spheron 6 (untreated) and Graphon (graphitised), which also describes the effect of surface treatment. 

Ellaz N et al (2009) The effect of surface treatment on the surface texture and contact angle of electrochemically deposited hydroxyapatite coating and on its interaction with boneforming cells. Acta Biomater 5(8) 3178-3191... 

Figure 21.7 Effect of surface treatment of henequen ceUulosic fibers on tensile strength of LDPE-henequen ceUulosic fiber composites. Source Reproduced with permission from Herrera-Franco PJ, Aguilar-Vega M. J Appl Polym Sci 1997 65 197 [25]. Copyright 1997 John Wiley and Sons.

Zhang QY, Zhang HP, Xie G, et al. (2007) Effect of surface treatment of magnetic particles on the preparation of magnetic polymer microspheres by miniemulsion polymerization. J Magn Magn Mater 311 140-144... 

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