Heat treatment patterns, effect

Golorfastness to Heat Treatment. To test for fastness to dry heat, ISO 105-P01 the specimen is sandwiched between adjacent fabrics and placed under slight pressure between heated surfaces where the temperature of the surface is 150, 180, or 210°C for 30 s. The effect on the shade of the pattern and adjacents is then assessed. 

The combined effects of a divalent Ca counterion and thermal treatment can be seen from studies of PMMA-based ionomers [16]. In thin films of Ca-salts of this ionomer cast from methylene chloride, and having an ion content of only 0.8 mol%, the only observed deformation was a series of long, localized crazes, similar to those seen in the PMMA homopolymer. When the ionomer samples were subject to an additional heat treatment (8 h at 100°C), the induced crazes were shorter in length and shear deformation zones were present. This behavior implies that the heat treatment enhanced the formation of ionic aggregates and increased the entanglement strand density. The deformation pattern attained is rather similar to that of Na salts having an ion content of about 6 mol% hence, substitution of divalent Ca for monovalent Na permits comparable deformation modes, including some shear, to be obtained at much lower ion contents. 

Compaction has little effect on the suspensibility of DDT powders when tested without accelerated-storage pretreatment however, when tested after accelerated-storage pretreatment, the suspensibility decreased with increasing compaction. The aged powders, although tested without heat treatment, exhibited the same pattern of loss of suspensibility with increased compaction as did the fresh powders after the accelerated-... 

Compaction of DDT powder has little effect on the suspensibility when the test is made on the fresh powder without a heat treatment however, after accelerated-storage pretreatment at 70 °C. for 2 hours, there is a consistent decrease in suspensibility with increasing compaction. Furthermore, compacted samples held in long-term storage exhibit the same pattern of loss of suspensibility as the samples subjected to accelerated-storage treatment. This is good evidence of the validity of the... 

Japanese Society of Miso Science and Technology Figure 18. Schematic representation of effect of heat treatment on soybean protein and its hydrolysis patterns by various enzymes. Pattern A, pepsin and other acid proteinoses pattern B, the proteinoses having an optimum near neutrality, such as papain, bacteria neutral proteinase, Aspergillus alkaline proteinase, Aspergillus neutral proteinase and pattern C, trypsin and in vivo nutritional... 

The complete X-ray powder pattern of InSe, not previously published, has been indexed " on the basis of a layer structure in the space group R3m, with ao = 4.0046, Co = 25.960 A. The effects of various heat treatments on the powder patterns were discussed. A crystal-structure determination has given the same space group, with the lattice constants ao = 4.00 and Co = 25.32 A. The structure can be considered as being formed of double layers of selenium atoms, parallel to the (001) plane, between which occur pairs of indium atoms. 

In principle, the same basic methods of heat treatment, ion bombardment and cleavage which are used to produce clean silicon surfaces can be used to generate clean GaAs surfaces, and the same general reservations apply. However, the fact that GaAs is a compound whose surface stoichiometry is potentially variable introduces additional problems for those techniques which depend on removal of material. Cleavage is not subject to these effects, however, and the cleavage plane is 110, which contains equal numbers of Ga and Aa atoms. Furthermore, the cleaved surface structure does not appear to be metastable, at least in terms of the LEED patterns produced [106], so in some ways it represents a simpler case than silicon. 

Boyle et al. [318] have used real-time diffraction at a synchrotron source for following the effect of heat treatment of various doped PANIs. The x-ray data are supplemented by mass spectroscopy, thennal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis data. The authors consider PANI-HCl, PANI-HCIO4 and PANl-H2SO4, as well as a sample free of dopant but containing water. Diffraction patterns are decomposed into Gaussian peaks in order to describe the evolution... 

Mechanisms based on electron transfer and active oxygen species have been proposed to explain asbestos-induced toxicity and lung disease. Fisher et al. (1987) studied the effect of heat treatment on chrysotile asbestos toxicity. The in vitro study showed that heat treatment reduced cytotoxicity. Infra red spectra indicated a reduction of external hydroxyl group population, which repopulated after irradiation. There is, apparently, an electron transfer from the asbestos matrix to biological receptors. In an earlier study, Fisher and coworkers (1985) reported that irradiation of chrysotile samples heated to 400°C (752°F) restored the biological activity to near-control values. X-ray diffraction pattern showed no change in the crystal structure. Brucite, present as a surface contaminant, was removed by heating. 

Fig. 69. Effect of heat treatment on X-ray diffraction pattern of fibres from a typical polyamide (polydecamethylene sebacamide). A before, B after annealing.

Figure 3.30. A thin section of MEH with a microsphere content of 20% showing heat treatment effect (a) polarized, (b) unpolarized. The polarized image displays strong fringe patterns around microspheres representing residual stresses. The scale bar represents 30 mm [30]...

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