Global consumption

Economic Aspects. The total world market for PET botde resia is growing at a rapid rate. One survey iadicates that the aimual growth rate worldwide exceeded 15% per annum over the years 1990—1995. Another article (124) states that the global consumption of PET grew at 19% duriag 1992 to a world total of 1,720,000 t. Much of this growth is due to the demand for PET bottle resia. Table 1 shows the world PET consumption by end use ia 1992. 

Global consumption of thermoplastic mbbers of all types is estimated at about 600,000 t/yr (51). Of this, 42% was estimated to be consumed in the United States, 39% in Western Europe, and 19% in Japan. At present, the woddwide market is estimated to be divided as follows styrenic block copolymers, 48% hard polymer/elastomer combinations, 26% thermoplastic polyurethanes, 12% thermoplastic polyesters, 4% and others, 9%. The three largest end uses were transportation, 23% footwear, 18% and adhesives, coatings, etc, 16%. The ranges of the hardness values, prices, and specific gravities of commercially available materials are given in Table 4. 

In the 1970s there was no argument that, in tonnage terms, SBR was the world s most important rubber. At that time about half of the total global consumption of rubber of about 8 X 10 tonnes per annum was accounted for by SBR. Today natural rubber has about half the market, which has now grown to about 11 X 10 tonnes, and the share of SBR has fallen to about 24%. Nevertheless SBR remains a material of great importance. 

Whilst initial development was primarily in the fields of fibres and rubbers, the presence of polyurethanes at about sixth position in the production league tables is largely due to the widespread use of foam materials. By 1980 global consumption was of the order of 3 X 10 tonnes per annum. 

In 1973, global consumption of nickel was 660,000 tons and that of the United States 235,000 tons (Sevin 1980). End uses of nickel in the United States in 1973 were transportation (21%), chemicals (15%), electrical goods (13%), fabricated metal products (10%), petroleum (9%), construction (9%), machinery (7%), and household appliances (7% IARC 1976). A similar pattern was evident for 1985 (Table 6.3). In 1988, 40% of all nickel intermediate products consumed was in the production of steel 21% was in alloys, 17% in electroplating, and 12% in super alloys (USPHS 1993). The pattern for 1985 was similar (Table 6.3). In Canada, nickel is the fourth most important mineral commodity behind copper, zinc, and gold. In 1990, Canada produced 197,000 tons of nickel worth 2.02 billion dollars and was the second largest global producer of that metal (Chau and Kulikovsky-Cordeiro 1995). Most of the nickel used in the United States is imported from Canada and secondarily from Australia and New Caledonia (USPHS 1977). 

Unlike other primary energy sources, the global consumption of uranium exceeds its production. Worldwide consumption in 2005 amounted to 66 500 tU (NEA/ IAEA, 2006b).9 As Fig. 4.3 shows, newly mined and processed uranium (primary supply) exceeded reactor-related uranium requirements until 1991. Since 1991, the gap between primary supply and uranium demand has been filled by secondary supply, i.e., material that has been held in inventory (both civilian and military in origin) or has been reprocessed. Besides reprocessed uranium and plutonium of spent... 

The most important uranium consumers are depicted in Fig. 4.4. The USA account for almost 30% of the global consumption, followed by France with 16%, Japan with 11%, Germany with 6% and Russia with 5%. 

As a result, the price of oil has increased dramatically over the past few years. The staggering global consumption of energy, the geopolitical issues associated with this commodity, and imminent shortages in supply have contributed to this situation, which industry analysts expect will continue to worsen. 

Table 2.10 displays the consumption of the major thermoplastics in 2005 for the three main geographic areas, together with market shares and average annual growth rates (AAGR). These identified thermoplastics represent roughly 70% of the overall global consumption of plastics. 

Global consumption of PPEs is estimated at 350000-500000 t/year, mainly in the automotive, electrical electronics, business machine appliance markets. 

The global consumption is roughly estimated at 70000 t/year, mainly in industrial and electrical electronics applications. FEP and PEA consumptions are, perhaps, ten times inferior to that of PTFE. 

The global consumption should be, perhaps, between those of FEP and PEA. 

The consumption of polysulfones varies according to the country and the source. Global consumption can be estimated between 30000 and 40000 tonnes/year, and can be approximately divided into four main sectors ... 

The consumption of LCPs varies from country to country and depends on the source. Global consumption can be estimated between 20000 and 30000 tonnes. LCPs are mainly used in electrical and electronics applications and, to a lesser degree, in industry and automotive. The following markets shares are quoted ... 

Global consumption of plastics is roughly 170 million tonnes per annum, which is ... 

Although strictly falling outside the scope of this book on colour chemistry, fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs) are of such importance and interest that an exception will be made in their case. The global consumption of brighteners was 170 000 tonnes in 1997 and is predicted to reach 230 000 tonnes by 2003. 

Global Consumption H202 2009 projected total 2.2 million m.t. 

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