Chemical exports

The chemicals trade has gained in significance like trade as a whole. Chemicals exports have tripled since 1980 (in absolnte tnmover figures), while imports have quadmpled l Many synthesis processes, which twenty years ago were still a domain of German and European industry (e.g. organic pigments), can today be performed in India or in Asia. 

TABLE 2.5 Chemical Export/Import Segments for Year 2000... 

Phosphate Chemicals Export Association Canpotex Limited... 

Petroleum Additives CHEMTURA CORPORATION Petroquimica Triunfo SA BRASKEM SA Pharma APTARGROUP INC PharmaForce, Inc DAIICHISANKYO CO LTD Phibro LLC OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP Phillips 66 CONOCOPHILLIPS COMPANY Phosphate Chemicals Export Association MOSAIC COMPANY (THE)... 

Phosphate Chemicals Export Association, Inc. POTASH CORPORATION OF SASKATCHEWAN INC Photomasks OM GROUP INC PhytoGen DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC Pillowflex FXI - FOAMEX INNOVATIONS Pilot Travel Centers LLC MARATHON OIL CORP Pine-Sol CLOROX CO (THE)... 

The U. S. chemical industry is the world s largest producer of chemicals (American Chemical Society et al, 1996). In 1995, total shipments were valued at 367 billion, or about 24% of the worldwide market, which was valued at 1.3 trillion. Japan, Germany, and France ranked next in total production. At that time, the United States was second in chemical exports, about 60.5 billion, or 14% of the total export market. The U.S. chemical industry had the largest trade surplus ( 20.4 billion) of all U.S. industry sectors and was the... 

Chemical exporters are potentially subject to Section 12(b) of TSCA. EPA s TSCA Section 12(b) export notification requirements apply to chemical substances or mixtures for which data are required under TSCA Section 5(b), an order has been issued under TSCA Section 5, a proposed or final rule has been issued under TSCA Sections 5 or 6, or an action is pending or relief has been granted under TSCA Sections 5 or 7. With regard to Section 4 of TSCA, only those chemical substances or mixtures listed in final TSCA Section 4 test rules and TSCA Section 4 Enforceable Consent Agreements are subject to the export notice requirements under TSCA Section 12(b). Notification of export is generally not required for articles, as provided by 40 CFR section 707.60(b). 

In comparison with the chemical trade of other nations, the United States accounted for 14.1% of the dollar value of world exports of chemicals in 1995 only Gennany exports more chemicals (measured in dollar value) than the United States, or about 16.1% of the world exports, as shown in Table 9.5. Canada represents the largest single market for U.S. chemical exports, followed by Japan. U.S. chemical exports to Mexico, the third largest export market, has grown 280% in the 10 years from 1986 to 1996. Canada is the largest exporter of chemicals to the United States about 8.2 billion in 1996. 

U.S. trade of specific product groups is shown in Table 9.7. Four categories, namely, organic chemicals, medicinals and pharmaceuticals, inorganic chemicals, and plastics, account for 69% of the U.S. imports. Organic chemicals, plastics, pharmaceuticals and medicinals, and inorganic chemicals accounted for about 55% of the U.S. chemical exports in 1995. 

The Canadian economic activity is showing signs of following the U.S. pattern despite a reasonably good year in 1979. With 70% of the Canadian chemical exports destined for the U.S. markets, a mid-1980 recession seems quite probable. This close linking of the two economies will probably continue through this next decade. 

Closely allied with the two challenges previously discussed is that which is connected with the changes that are occurring and will continue to occur in the chemical export-import picture. At the end of World War II the usually strong chemical industries of such countries as Western Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan were in a very weakened condition. Not only were U. S. 

First chemicals exported from the New World 1747 The French founded the first Civil Engineering School... 

In the nomenclature of the PIC Convention a banned chemical export need not be prohibited per se it could be a chemical... 

Annual growth rate in volume of chemical exports, 1984-1994 5-8%... 

---