The object of this book

The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the upstream industry useful for industry professionals who wish to be better informed about the basic methods, concepts and technology used. It is also Intended for readers not directly working in oil and gas companies but who are providing related support services. 

The objectives of this book are ambitious. It is intended to provide a comprehensive source of knowledge and practical advice that can be used to substantially reduce human error in the CPI. The following sections describe how this is achieved. 

The objective of this book is to review and correlate in depth the synthetic, mechanistic, and physical properties of enamines. This has been done by surveying the field from eight different perspectives. Since these perspectives have certain common areas between them, and since it seemed desirable to allow each contributor to tell his story in its fullest scope and in his own style, there is some overlapping of material between the chapters. However, it is hoped that the difference of viewpoints and context in which this material appears in these chapters will provide the reader with fresh insights and stimulate further research. 

The object of this book is to assist workers involved in chemical processes to determine level of risk wherever the handling of a substance exposes the participants. To do this, tools of analysis are presented in Part One (Methodology), and available data in Parts Two and Three. The material provided is intended to provided the means for this analysis, whatever the difficulties encountered - incoherence in known experimental data, insufficient or absent information etc. 

The objective of this book is to highlight the important strides being made toward a molecular understanding of the processes that occur at surfaces through the unique information provided by the proximal scanning probe family of techniques this principally involves scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) but some atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments are also included. 

The objectives of this book are twofold (1) for the student, to show how the fundamental principles underlying the behavior of fluids (with emphasis on one-dimensional macroscopic balances) can be applied in an organized and systematic manner to the solution of practical engineering problems, and (2) for the practicing engineer, to provide a ready reference of current information and basic methods for the analysis of a variety of problems encountered in practical engineering situations. 

The objective of this book is therefore to provide a summary of the progress that has been made so far in the held, the current state-of-the-art materials and future materials development, as well as the significant technical challenges that remain to be resolved, such that this book can serve as a valuable resource on the materials-related issues in the development of SOFCs for beginners as well as for experienced researchers and developers of SOFCs. 

To date, insufficient attention has been given to the analysis of sediments and one of the objects of this book is to draw the attention of analysts and others concerned to the methods available and their sensitivity and limitations. 

The objective of this book is to help form a more clear perspective of product design through case studies from people with different backgrounds. Products ranging from molecules to structured products are considered. Also, some cases studies involve products that have been commercialized, while some are student... 

Introductory Remarks. Since the surfaces can be looked at as extending structures of the solid phase, the reader should familiarize himself with the structure chemistry of the solid phase. Since it is not the objective of this book to cover this subject, the reader should consult some of the books on crystal structure and solid state chemistry such as for example Cox (1987), Greenland and Hayes (1987), Newman (1987), Stucki, Goodman and Schwertmann (1985), Wells (1984), West (1984). 

As linear regression is a very fundamental operation, several methods have been developed in order to improve the numerical stability of the calculation. It is beyond the objective of this book to discuss these issues in any detail. We do feel, however, that the reader has to be aware of the potential problems and should be able to avoid them as much as possible. 

The objective of this book is to provide both an overview and practical uses of the techniques available to analytical scientists involved in the development and application of methods for protein-based biopharmaceutical drugs. The emphasis is on considering the analytical method in terms of the stage of the development process and its appropriateness for the intended application. The availability of techniques will reveal whether or not the analytical problem has a potential solution. Then will come the question of whether or not the technique is a truly appropriate solution. The theoretical considerations behind choosing the technique may be solid. However, the practicality of the method may not hold up to inspection. 

One of the objectives of this book is to act as a benchmark for current achievements, but it also has a number of other important general objectives. Despite the undoubted success of the CALPHAD approach, any methodology based on thermodynamic concepts is often erroneously perceived as being difficult to follow, and even considered as unlikely to have a direct practical application because of its association with equilibrium situations. The authors have therefore set themselves the goals of removing such misconceptions and making the book readable by any scientifically competent beginner who wishes to apply or extend the concepts of CALPHAD to new areas. 

In these kinds of experiential event, however, there will normally be a tutor on hand to make the necessaiy feedback explicit should the participant fall to perceive it, and perhaps too to confront him or her with its significance. This kind of external prompt to insight and action is of course missing in most everyday management. One of the objectives of this book is to help managers to heighten their awareness of their behaviour and its consequences. In other words, to learn the art of self-feedback from experience. 

The objective of this book is to identify and highlight significant state-of-the-art research in 24 active areas of polymer chemistry reported in current U.S. patent applications occurring in academic, government, and industrial centers. A further objective is to provide chemical researchers with descriptions of advances in these areas as well as detailing synthetic methods for preparing key intermediates and products provided from these technical centers. Wherever possible key references associated with each entry have been supplied to provide a chemical and evolutionary context for the reader. 

The objective of this book is to provide an overview of the basic knowledge about the most widely and currently used methods in chemical analysis, whether they are qualitative, quantitative or structural. A wide area of applications is covered, including the chemical industry, foodstuffs, environment, pollution and biomedicine. 

The introduction of this knowledge and a presentation of these methods are the objective of this book. In the present chapter, the essential theoretical aspects of thermal process safety are reviewed. Often-used fundamental concepts of thermodynamics are presented in the first section with a strong focus on process safety. In the second section, important aspects of chemical kinetics are briefly reviewed. The third section is devoted to the heat balance, which also governs chemical... 

There is inevitably a bias towards work done at Harwell. One of the objects of this book is to relate the Harwell work to that done elsewhere and to indicate the recent developments. I am greatly indebted to my colleagues for their help in writing this account. 

The objective of this book is to provide an overview of a variety of sample preparation techniques and to bring the diverse methods under a common banner. Knowing fully well that it is impossible to cover all aspects in a single text, this book attempts to cover some of the more important and widely used techniques. The first chapter outlines the fundamental issues relating to sample preparation and the associated quality control. The... 

The objective of this book is to provide a forward looking overview of the use of protein crystallography in drug discovery. It has been organized so that the early chapters review and describe some mature and emerging topics that would fall under the traditional structure-based desigrf umbrella, the middle chapters provide focused accounts of specific works, and the final chapters delve into new and fertile areas of research. This book does not attempt to be comprehensive thus the final lineup of chapters was a compromise between the interests of the editors and the willingness of the authors to contribute a chapter. 

The objective of this book is to provide an up-to-date and critical evaluation of the application of biophysical tools and analysis for the determination of molecular transport across the skin. Both the nature of the passive permeability barrier and the impact of diverse penetration enhancement strategies are considered and discussed. 

The objective of this book is to serve as a practical reference work on testing for the main hydrocarbon-conversion processes applied in oil refineries catalytic cracking, hydroprocessing, and reforming. These fields were combined because of the clear analogies and congruence between the areas, such as deactivation of active sites by coke, mass-transfer phenomena of hydrocarbons into solid catalysts, hydrocarbon chemistry and reaction kinetics, and downscaling of commercial conditions to realistic small-scale tests. 

The object of this book is to provide an introduction to electrochemistry in its present state of development. An attempt has been made to explain the fundamentals of the subject as it stands today, devoting little or no space to the consideration of theories and arguments that have been discarded or greatly modified. In this way it is hoped that the reader will acquire the modern point of view in electrochemistry without being burdened by much that is obsolete. In the opinion of the writer, there have been four developments in the past two decades that have had an important influence on electrochemistry. They are the activity concept, the interionic attraction theory, the proton-transfer theory of acids and bases, and the consideration of electrode reactions as rate processes. These ideas have been incorporated into the structure of the book, with consequent simplification and clarification in the treatment of many aspects of electrochemistry. 

Since it is the object of this book as far as possible to deal with quantities directly related to experiment, the question of valence states will not be pursued further here. 

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