Sulfur, detection

Sulfur (detection of H2S and mercaptans) ( Doctor Test ) NF M 07-029 ASTM D 325 Sodium plumbite test (coloration of interface)... 

Sodium nitroprusside (for sulfur detection) dissolve about 1 g of sodium nitroprusside in 10 mL of water as the solution deteriorates on standing, only freshly prepared solutions should be used. This compound is also called sodium nitroferricyanide and has the formula Na2pe(NO)(CN)5 2H2O. 

The flame-photometric detector (FPD) is selective for organic compounds containing phosphoms and sulfur, detecting chemiluminescent species formed ia a flame from these materials. The chemiluminescence is detected through a filter by a photomultipher. The photometric response is linear ia concentration for phosphoms, but it is second order ia concentration for sulfur. The minimum detectable level for phosphoms is about 10 g/s for sulfur it is about 5 x 10 g/s. 

Sulfur detected in the bile and blood of animals by H. A. Vogel. 

Oxime carbamates are not directly amenable to gas chromatography (GC) because of their high thermal instability, which often leads to their breakdown at the injection port or in the column during analysis. Analysis of oxime carbamates by GC with sulfur detection or flame photometric detection involves oxidation of the intact insecticides or alkaline hydrolysis to form the more volatile but stable oxime compound. Enzymatic techniques have been reported for the analysis of these compounds. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used to determine aldicarb and its sulfone and sulfoxide metabolites and methomyl in water, soil, and sediment samples. 

ESCA studies were also performed on the partially deactivated recycled carbon supported 5%Pd-0.3%Sn catalyst presented in Table 15.3. The sulfur detection limit for this study was -0.5%. Therefore these data implied that there was no obvious Pd-S formation on the used catalyst, but a large amount of nitrogen was present as shown in Table 15.5. We assign this as a possible Pd-CN species. These data suggested that the presence of HCN rather than H2S might be the predominant factor for the deactivation of the catalyst. 

Osteodentine matrix has a higher concentration of sulfur than dentine matrix. The sulfur detected is presumed to be contained in acid mucopolysaccharides, which were more heavily dristributed in the osteodentine matrix than in dentine matrix310. ... 

Corcoran, O., Nicholson, J. K., Lenz, E. M., Abou-Shakra, F., Castro-Perez, J., Sage, A. B., and Wilson, I. D. (2000). Directly coupled liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of drug metabolites in urine Application to diclofenac using chlorine and sulfur detection. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 14 2377-2384. 

The electrolytic conductivity detector is a good alternative to the FPD for selective sulfur detection. The ELCD has a larger linear dynamic range and a linear response to concentration profile. The ELCD in most cases appears, under ideal conditions, to yield slightly lower detection limits for sulfur (about 1-2 pg S/sec), but with much less interference from hydrocar-... 

B. Ehrlich, R. Hall, et al., Sulfur detection in hydrocarbon matrices. A comparison of the flame photometric detector and the 700A Hall electrolytic conductivity detector, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 79 245-249 (1981). 

Portions of the 6 and 15% Florisil eluate were injected into the DC200 and DEGS columns with the coulometer equipped with the sulfur-detecting cell. No peaks were obtained from the 15% eluate injection. Of the several peaks that appeared on the DC200 and DEGS columns from the 6% eluate injection, one was identified as Ronnel DC200 reference 1.00, sample 1.00, DEGS, reference 1.00, sample 1.00, and concentration 0.2 p.p.m. Ronnel is chemically 0,0-dimethyl 0-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate and thus should yield a peak with both the chloride and sulfur detectors. Identification was assured since a peak was found at the proper retention times with both detector cells one column was used for the chloride, and two columns were used for the sulfur detector cells. 

Gay-Lussac and Thenard firmly establish it as an element Sulfur detected in animals by Vogel... 

Programmed Pyrolysis, Programmed Combustion, and Specific Nitrogen and Sulfur Detection... 

Elements other than vanadium are accessible to the EXAS technique. Thus, abundant sulfur detected in tunicate blood cells has been identified as sulfate and sulfonate with EXAS (150). This result confirmed a similar finding carried out with chromatographic techniques (151). With this background, let us now consider the X-ray microprobe analyses of timicate blood cells. 

Several civil court cases have been decided on the basis of a single analytical method. This is certainly warranted when the results are unequivocal. The first citable case is that of C7.S. vs. Slade, Inc. (16), in which the unreported case of Judge Cowan s is referenced. Both cases used gas chromatography with flame ionization and flame photometric (sulfur) detection as the only analytical method. 

The use of electrolytic conductivity detectors (HECDs, also known as Hall detectors) for the analysis of organic sulfur compounds is limited, probably because they require high maintenance. The electrolyte must be kept extremely clean and its sulfur specificity is limited by high concentrations of cotrapped carbon dioxide. Despite these problems, HECD performed well in the sulfur detection mode. ... 

Operator s Manual Model 5380 Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector, 01 Analytical, Texas, 1997. Benner, R. L. and Stedman, D. H., Universal sulfur detection by chemiluminescence. Anal. Chem., 61, 1268-1271, 1989. 

Practical aspects. Chemiluminescence detectors are only applicable as GC detectors because of signal quenching by high hydrocarbon levels such as solvents used as mobile phases in LC. They are primarily used for selective sulfur detection. 

Polarization EDXRF Polarized excitation geometry used with energy dispersive XRF employing low power tubes and X-ray end window tube with palladium or rhodium anode and beryllium window is claimed to lower the sulfur detection limit to 1 mg/kg. The precision of the method has not yet been established. 

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