Electronic spreadsheets

An electronic spreadsheet is a tool that can be used to solve an engineering problem. Spreadsheets are commonly used to record, organize, and analyze data using formulas. Spreadsheets are also used to present the results of an analysis in chart form. Although engineers still write computer programs to solve complex engineering problems, simpler problems can be solved with the help of a spreadsheet. 

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Ternary-phase equilibrium data can be tabulated as in Table 15-1 and then worked into an electronic spreadsheet as in Table 15-2 to be presented as a right-triangular diagram as shown in Fig. 15-7. The weight-fraction solute is on the horizontal axis and the weight-fraciion extraciion-solvent is on the veriical axis. The tie-lines connect the points that are in equilibrium. For low-solute concentrations the horizontal scale can be expanded. The water-acetic acid-methylisobutylketone ternary is a Type I system where only one of the binary pairs, water-MIBK, is immiscible. In a Type II system two of the binary pairs are immiscible, i.e. the solute is not totally miscible in one of the liquids. 

SGX-CAT maintains a direct T1 network connection from the Advanced Photon Source in Illinois to SGX San Diego. Database inquiries are handled over this link. Interactions with the database occur in three ways. An extensive web-based system is used for data entry and retrieval. For crystals generated by external users of the beamline, upload of an electronic spreadsheet transfers the required crystal data attributes to the SGX LIMS. For automated operations, such as crystal screening and data collection, custom scripts place the computed results directly into the database. 

Cumulative Cash Position Table To organize cash flow calculations, it is suggested that a cumulative cash position table be prepared by using an electronic spreadsheet. For this discussion. 

T. T. Phan, Technical consideration for the validation of electronic spreadsheets for complying with 21 CFR Part 11, Pharm. Technol., pp. 50-62, Jan. 2003. 

The use of computers enables laboratories to greatly improve their production capabilities, but it also creates new tasks and responsibilities. For example, laboratories must verify computer programs used for data reduction in order to confirm the correctness of the calculations. To create an analytical method using commercially available or custom analytical software, laboratory chemists must exercise professional judgment in the selection of appropriate method parameters often accompanied by data entry by hand, which opens the door for errors to creep in. Today, electronic spreadsheets replaced manual calculations, and their correctness must be also verified. 

Daniel E. Atkinson, Steven G. Clark, and Douglas C. Rees, Dynamic Models in Biochemistry. A Workbook of Computer Simulations Using Electronic Spreadsheets, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, CA, 1987. 

Once available data have been captured, they are turned over to the biostatistician for analysis. Many systems exist for this purpose. Because statistical analysis is not specific to the drug industry, there are many off-the-shelf packages available. Rudimentary work even can be done with an electronic spreadsheet. 

Electronic spreadsheets. 2. Chemistry—Data processing. 3. Microsoft Excel (Computer file) I. Title. 

Nutrition Business Journal (NBJ), 2004, U.S. Organic Food Sales, 1997-2010e—Chart 22, electronic spreadsheet available from publisher, Penton Media, Inc., San Diego, CA. 

The task is made easier by using an electronic spreadsheet, which also can generate a plot of the results. 

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