Methods of protection

Other methods of protecting the aldehyde group include formation of an enol acetate, an enamine, or an imine (174,175). In the enamine route, regeneration of the aldehyde is accompHshed simply by the addition of water. 

The fundamentals of this method of protection are dealt with in Section 2.3 and illustrated in Fig. 2-15. Corrosion protection for the stable-passive state is unnecessary because the material is sufficiently corrosion resistant for free corrosion conditions. If activation occurs due to a temporary disturbance, the material immediately returns to the stable passive state. This does not apply to the metastable passive state. In this case anodic protection is necessary to impose the return to the passive state. Anodic protection is also effective in the unstable passive state of the material but it must be permanently switched on, in contrast to the metastable passive state. 

Figure 8-2. Methods of protecting a pressure vessel against fire.

Two new sections on the protection of phosphates and the alkyne-CH are included. All other sections of the book have been expanded, some more than others. The section on the protection of alcohols has increased substantially, reflecting the trend of the nineties to synthesize acetate- and propionate-derived natural products. An effort was made to include many more enzymatic methods of protection and deprotection. Most of these are associated with the protection of alcohols as esters and the protection of carboxylic acids. Here we have not attempted to be exhaustive, but hopefully, a sufficient number of cases are provided that illustrate the true power of this technology, so that the reader will examine some of the excellent monographs and review articles cited in the references. The Reactivity Charts in Chapter 10 are identical to those in the first edition. The chart number appears beside the name of each protective group when it is first introduced. No attempt was made to update these Charts, not only because of the sheer magnitude of the task, but because it is nearly impossible in... 

An alternative method of protection is the use of a smaller relief valve in conjunction with an automatic isolating valve, which shuts off the air supply to the equipment if the pressure rises more than 20 per cent above the blow-off pressure of the relief valve. If this method is used it is essential to ensure that sudden cessation of air supply to the equipment cannot cause a hazard. 

Methods of protecting materials against microbial corrosion include ... 

The methods of protection available are of two basic kinds chemical or electrochemical treatments which oxidise the metal and produce a film which is more stable than the metal itself, and coating methods which rely... 

Methods of Protection Against Corrosion for Light Gauge Steel Used in Building, PD 420 (1953)... 

Tomashov considers that greater effectiveness of control may be achieved by using more than one method of protection, providing that they all affect the same controlling factor. Thus chromium is alloyed with iron to produce an alloy that relies on passivity for its protection, and passivation can be... 

Five different methods of protecting your design exists in USA. Each is weighed according to its advantages and disadvantages based on specific needs. They are ... 

This data led to the development of the original method of protecting the DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation with a wavelength X = 254 nm for detection of the results of gel electrophoresis. It is demonstrated the benefits of the adding of the C6-AR in... 

Electrochemical methods of protection rest on different precepts (1) electroplating of the corroding metal with a thin protective layer of a more corrosion-resistant metal, (2) electrochemical oxidation of the surface or application of other types of surface layer, (3) control of polarization characteristics of the corroding metal (the position and shape of its polarization curves), and (4) control of potential of the corroding metal. 

The toxicity and the physiological action of insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and herbicides on plants are of basic importance. The toxicity of treated plants to animals, and the toxicity of treated plants and animals to humans and to wildlife are of practical concern. A long-range consideration of the effect of sprays on both plant and human nutrition and its relation to public health is of direct concern. The hazards in field application and methods of protecting operators should be reported in detail and further research should be emphasized. 

Prolonging battery life is another method of protecting the environment. To reduce waste, a consumer should buy longer-life batteries that may result in fewer batteries to recycle and follow recommended maintenance procedures to lengthen battery life. 

The prime method of protection from a gas explosion in the enclosure is through gas detection and... 

There are other aspects to the maintenance of a product in the market. The ability to protect and recoup investment is vital if new products and the development of existing products are to be sustained. Intellectual property rights provide various methods of protecting products and can be an important and a valuable asset in providing legitimate barriers against domestic and foreign competition. 

The principal method of protecting novel products and processes is by patents. A patent confers an absolute monopoly on the holder, in the territory for which it is granted, but in order for the patent to be valid, everything covered by the patent claim must be a new invention. In Europe, patents generally last for 20 years from the date of application, whereas in the United States the period is 17 years from the date of grant. 

This volume has been arranged in five chapters aimed at discussing nanostructured materials and methods of their characterization (Chapter I), advanced express-methods for detection and analysis of biological species (Chapter II), methods of protection (Chapter III) and medical treatment (Chapter IV) of patients with incorporated contaminants, and specifically extracorporeal methods of decontamination of the human body (Chapter V). All papers in this book have been peer reviewed prior to publication. We believe that this volume will be of major interest to researchers and students working in the area of materials science and engineering, chemistry, biosensors, biomaterials, extracorporeal methods, and therapeutics. 

A potentially very useful method of protection by use of insoluble polystyrene resins has appeared39 A polymer containing vinylbenzal-dehyde units was used for preparing 4,6-acetals of methyl a-D-glucopyranoside in good yield. 

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