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Tissue nervous

Glial cells in the human brain are smaller and more abundant than neurons, and are classified according to their structure and function into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, radial glia, Schwann cells and satellite cells. The main functions of glial cells are to surround neurons and hold them in place, to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, to insulate one neuron from [Pg.117]


Phosphorus is also an essential ingredient of all cell protoplasm, nervous tissue, and bones. [Pg.37]

L-Tyrosine metabohsm and catecholamine biosynthesis occur largely in the brain, central nervous tissue, and endocrine system, which have large pools of L-ascorbic acid (128). Catecholamine, a neurotransmitter, is the precursor in the formation of dopamine, which is converted to noradrenaline and adrenaline. The precise role of ascorbic acid has not been completely understood. Ascorbic acid has important biochemical functions with various hydroxylase enzymes in steroid, dmg, andhpid metabohsm. The cytochrome P-450 oxidase catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to bUe acids and the detoxification process of aromatic dmgs and other xenobiotics, eg, carcinogens, poUutants, and pesticides, in the body (129). The effects of L-ascorbic acid on histamine metabohsm related to scurvy and anaphylactic shock have been investigated (130). Another ceUular reaction involving ascorbic acid is the conversion of folate to tetrahydrofolate. Ascorbic acid has many biochemical functions which affect the immune system of the body (131). [Pg.21]

Among vertebrate species, the neuro-endocrine-immime system is responsible for many complex, inter-related physiological processes including neuronal, homeostatic, reproductive and immune functions. There are four main types of hormone polypeptides, eicosanoids, steroids and thyroid hormones. Reflecting the inter-dependency of the neiiro-endocrine and immune systems, hormones, neuropeptides and other neiirotransmitters are known to be produced by some immune cells and play a role in the regulation of the immune system, while endocrine and nervous tissues express receptors for many substances produced by the immune system. The major focus of interest in endocrine disruption has... [Pg.62]

The body temperature limits for health in terms of internal or core temperature are fairly limited. The limits are basically related to the function of nervous tissue. Body temperatures around 28 °C or less can result in cardiac fibrillation and arrest. Temperatures of 43 °C and greater can result in heat stroke, brain damage, and death. Often, too high a temperature causes irreversible shape changes to the protein molecules of nervous tissue. That is, cooling overheated tissue to normal temperatures may not restore its original function. [Pg.176]

Cytosolic enzyme constitutively present mainly in nervous tissues and activated in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin. [Pg.829]

Glycolipids are widely distributed in every tissue of the body, particularly in nervous tissue such as brain. They occur particularly in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they contribute to cell surface carbohydrates. [Pg.116]

Cholesterol (Figure 14-17) is widely distributed in all cells of the body but particularly in nervous tissue. It is a major constituent of the plasma membrane and of plasma lipoproteins. It is often found as cholesteryl ester, where the hydroxyl group on position 3 is esteri-fied with a long-chain fatty acid. It occurs in animals but not in plants. [Pg.118]

Saito Y, Sharer LR, Epstein LG, Michaels J, Mintz M, Louder M, Golding K, Cvetkovich TA, Blumberg BM (1994) Overexpression of nef as a marker for restricted HIV-1 infection of astrocytes in postmortem pediatric central nervous tissues. Neurology 44 474-481 Sargeant TJ, Day DJ, Mrkusich EM, Eoo DE, Miller JH (2007) Mu opioid receptors are expressed on radial glia but not migrating neuroblasts in the late embryonic mouse brain. Brain Res 1175 28-38... [Pg.375]

A NT might be expected to be concentrated in nerve terminals and this can be ascertained since when nervous tissue is appropriately homogenised the nerve endings break off from their axons and surrounding elements and then reseal. Such elements are known as synaptosomes. They have been widely used to study NT release in vitro (Chapter 4) and some NT should always be found in them, at least if it is released from vesicles. [Pg.27]

Winkler, H (1993) The adrenal chromaffin granule a model for larger dense core vesicles of endocrine and nervous tissue. J. Anat. 183 237-252. [Pg.102]

Serum antobodies to Serum 5 nervous tissue proteins... [Pg.156]

The origin of the nervous tissue which comprises the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ is in the anterior neural crest, from which the anterior neurogenic placode appears at the rostral tip (Fig. 4.1). [Pg.71]

Zukin, S.R. Fitz-Syage, M.L. Nichtenhauser, R. and Zukin, R.S. Specific binding of 3H-phencyclidine in rat central nervous tissue Further characterization and technical considerations. [Pg.35]

Consistent decreases in plasma cholinesterase may not have been observed in rats and dogs because they were treated with lower doses of diisopropyl methylphosphonate. In general, depression of plasma cholinesterase, also known as pseudocholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase, is considered a marker of exposure rather than an adverse effect. Depression of cholinesterase activity in red blood cells (acetylcholinesterase) is a neurological effect thought to parallel the inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity. It is considered an adverse effect. Acetylcholinesterase is found mainly in nervous tissue and erythrocytes. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate was not found to inhibit RBC... [Pg.57]

The toxic organic phosphorus compounds act as powerful inhibitors of cholinesterase, an enzyme found predominantly in the nervous tissue of animals, including insects. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine, which plays an essential role in the transmission of nerve impulses. The toxicity of compounds in this series can be largely accounted for on the basis of their anticholinesterase activity (7,8,12,14, SI). [Pg.150]

There are different types of cholinesterases in the human body, and they differ in their location in tissues, substrate affinity, and physiological function. The main ones are ACHE, present in nervous tissue and red blood cells (RBC-ACHE), and plasma cholinesterases (PCHE), present in glial cells, plasma, and liver. The physiological functions of RBC-ACHE and PCHE, if any, are unknown. [Pg.3]

Some OP compounds induce delayed neurotoxic effects ("delayed neuropathy") after acute poisoning. This delayed neurotoxic action is independent of cholinesterase inhibition but related to phosphorylation of a specific esterasic enzyme in the nervous tissue, called "neurotoxic esterase" or "neuropathy target esterase" (NTE) (Johnson, 1982). NTE is present in the nervous tissue, liver lymphocytes, platelets, and other tissues, but its physiological function is unknown. There is a rather large inter-individual variation of lymphocyte and platelet NTE activity (Table 2). [Pg.4]

As its name implies, the neurohypophysis is derived embryonically from nervous tissue. It is essentially an outgrowth of the hypothalamus and is composed of bundles of axons, or neural tracts, of neurosecretory cells originating in two hypothalamic nuclei. These neurons are referred to as neurosecretory cells because they generate action potentials as well as synthesize hormones. The cell bodies of the neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nuclei produce primarily antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the cell bodies of the paraventricular nuclei produce primarily oxytocin. These hormones are then transported down the axons to the neurohypophysis and stored in membrane-bound vesicles in the neuron terminals. Much like neurotransmitters, the hormones are released in response to the arrival of action potentials at the neuron terminal. [Pg.120]

The adenohypophysis is derived embryonically from glandular tissue, specifically, Rathke s pouch. This tissue originates from the oropharynx, or the roof of the mouth. It then migrates toward the embryonic nervous tissue destined to form the neurohypophysis. When these two tissues come into contact, Rathke s pouch loses its connection with the roof of the mouth and the pituitary gland is formed. Unlike the neurohypophysis, which releases hormones originally synthesized in the hypothalamus, the adenohypophysis synthesizes its own hormones in specialized groups of cells. Similar to the neurohypophysis, however, the release of these hormones into the blood is regulated by the hypothalamus. [Pg.120]

In the liver, the ketone bodies suffer no transformation, and are excreted into the blood. The normal contents of ketone bodies (as acetoacetate or P-hydroxy-butyrate) amount to mere 0.1-0.6 mmol/ litre). Other tissues and organs (heart, lung, kidney, muscle, and nervous tissue), as distinct from the liver, utilize the ketone bodies as energy substrates. In the cells of these tissues, acetoacetate and 1-hydroxybutyrate enter ultimately the Krebs cycle and burn down to C02 and H,0 to release energy. [Pg.207]


See other pages where Tissue nervous is mentioned: [Pg.186]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.566]    [Pg.319]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.463]    [Pg.172]    [Pg.116]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.171]    [Pg.463]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.650]    [Pg.806]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.184]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.91]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.268]    [Pg.272]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.200]   
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