Taurin

Mammalian bile contains sodium salts of conjugated bile acids, e.g. glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid, in which cholic acid is combined (amide linkage) with glycine and taurine respectively. 

CJH4O5, H02CCH(0H)C02H. Colourless crystals with IH O lost at 60 C. M.p. IhO C (decomp.). Prepared by heating dinitrotartaric acid in aqueous alcohol, taurine, aminoethylsulpbonic acid, C2H7NO3S, NHj CHj CH SOjH. Crystallizes in columns, decomposing at 317 C. In combination with cholic acid it forms one of the bile acids. It is formed in the liver from cysteine. 

Taurins reported that nitration of 2-nitramino-5-nitrothiazole yields the fully nitrated 2-imino-4-thiazoline (184) (Scheme 117) (87). This interesting compound should be studied by spectroscopic methods. 

Plant proteins from single sources, such as soybean meal, may be abundant in specific amino acids that are deficient in some cereal grains. Thus a combination of soybean meal and com with theh amino acid symbiosis may provide an exceUent amino acid profile for dogs. Plant protein mixtures alone do not meet the amino acid needs for cats, because taurine [107-35-7] is not generaUy present in plant proteins. 

Eeather meal, first hydroly2ed and then oxidi2ed, produces cysteic acid [13100-82-8] an excellent precursor for taurine in cats (20). Hydroly2ed feather meal may supplement the taurine provided by other dietary animal proteins and help replace part or all of the synthetic taurine in cat food formulations with considerable cost savings. 

P. A. Anderson, Signficance of Indispensable Mmino A.cids, Choline, and Taurine in Feline Nutrition, Ph.D. dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1979. 

Ethyleneimine reacts rapidly with sulfurous acid to give taurine [107-35-7] in high yield, a reaction of importance not only for the preparation of this amino sulfonic acid but also for the decontamination of ethyleneimine solutions (130). 

Amidosulfonates. Amidosulfonates or A/-acyl-A/-alkyltaurates, are derived from taurine, H2NCH2CH2S02Na, and are effective surfactants and lime soap dispersants (Table 9). Because of high raw material cost, usage is relatively small. Technically, amidosulfonates are of interest because they are stable to hydrolysis, unaffected by hard water, and compatible with soap. They have been used in soap—surfactant toilet-bar formulations. With shorter, acyl groups, they make excellent wetting agents. 

To overcome hydrolysis of vinyl sulfone dyes during appHcation under neutral dyeing of wool, Hoechst introduced dyes with the /V-methyl taurine... 

By an adaptation of Reychler s method, large quantities of d-aminoethyl bromide hydrobromide and taurine are obtained conveniently in yields of 90 and 80 per cent, respectively. Cortese, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, igr (1936). 

Dissolve 3.6 g di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate in 100 ml water and adjust the pH to 7.5 with phosphoric acid. Dissolve 2.5 g taurine in this. 

Bile acids, which exist mainly as bile salts, are polar carboxylic acid derivatives of cholesterol that are important in the digestion of food, especially the solubilization of ingested fats. The Na and salts of glycocholic acid and tauro-cholic acid are the principal bile salts (Ligure 25.41). Glycocholate and tauro-cholate are conjugates of cholic acid with glycine and taurine, respectively. 

FIGURE 25.41 Cholic acid, a bile salt, is synthesized from cholesterol via 7o -hydroxy-cholesterol. Conjugation with taurine or glycine produces taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid, respectively. Taurocholate and glycocholate are freely water-soluble and are highly effective detergents. 

In a somewhat similar vein, alkylation of the urea derivative 109 with methyl iodide affords the S-methyl ether 110. Condensation of that with taurine (111), leads to the guanidine 112, again by an addition elimination process. The product is the anthelmintic agent netobimin (112) [271. 

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