Dispersive power

Maintaining motor cleanliness Detergent and dispersant power... 

Maintaining cieaniiness Detergent and dispersive powers Filterability... 

Increased flexibility Increased dispersing power Increased water sensitivity Increased adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces... 

Material Refractive index Light transmission Dispersive power... 

The end-use applieations of water-soluble polymers require aeeurate means to eharaeterize the moleeular weight distribution (MWD) and to provide a better understanding of produet performanee. The moleeular weight affeets many physieal properties sueh as solution viseosity, tensile strength, bloek resistanee, water and solvent resistanee, adhesive strength, and dispersing power. Commereially available polymers sueh as poly(vinyl aleohol). 

Zerstreuungs-linse, /. dispersing (or divergmg) lens. -vermSgen, n. (Opit es) dispersive power, -wirkimg, /. (of electrons, etc.) scattering. 

One can read letters through the porous PVA-PVAc film in benzene, but one cannot do so in cyclohexane nor in the case of the blank. This is supported by the fact that the refractive indices of benzene are close to that of PVA, but the refractive index of cyclohexane is far from that of PVA. When the porous film was dipped in a mixed solvent of benzene and cyclohexane (8.0 2.0 in weight), it became semi-transparent. To make this point clearer, the refractive index and the dispersive power of polymers and organic solvents were measured. The results are shown in Table 3, which shows that the refractive index of PVA is near that of benzene and that the dispersion power of aliphatic compounds is lower than that of aromatic compounds. 

FIG. 3 Lime soap dispersing power of some alkyl ether carboxylates compared to other surfactants (DIN 53903). AEC, alkyl ether carboxylate AMEC, amidether carboxylate CAPB, cocamidoproplylbetaine OEC, oleyl ether carboxylate SLES, sodium lauryl ether sulfate. % surfactant soap = % surfactant calculated on the soap needed to disperse the lime soap. (From Refs. 61 and 64.)... 

TABLE 4 Lime Soap Dispersing Power of Some Oleyl Ether Carboxylates Compared to Oleyl Ethoxylate (DIN 53903)... 

Lime soap dispersing power Good dermatology Hard water stability... 

The ability to disperse the calcium soap formed from a given amount of sodium oleate has been studied for a number of a-sulfo fatty acid esters with 14-22 carbon atoms [28,30]. In principle, the lime soap dispersion property increases with the number of C atoms and the dissymmetry of the molecule. Esters with 14 C atoms have no dispersion power and in the case of esters with 15-17 carbon atoms the least symmetrical are the better lime soap-dispersing agents. However this property does not only depend on the symmetry but on the chain length of the fatty acid group. For example, methyl and ethyl a-sulfomyristate have better dispersing power than dodecyl propionate and butyrate. The esters with 18 and more carbon atoms are about equal in lime soap dispersion power. Isobutyl a-sulfopalmitate is the most effective agent under the test conditions. 

The applications of a-sulfo fatty acid esters are widely spread as for other surfactants. They can be used in detergents, cleansers, and cosmetic products as well as in the building industry and for the production of synthetic materials and agrochemicals. The main properties for these applications are surface activity, wetting ability, hard water stability, lime soap dispersion power, and good human and environmental safety profiles. 

Since the amphoterics have far greater lime soap dispersing power than the anionics, an amphoteric LSDA-soap formulation requires less LSD A and tolerates sodium sulfate in the following soap-LSDA formulation [29]. 

Polycarboxylates may also be added to increase dispersing power and so reduce the possibility of incrustations. Fine-tuning will again depend on the process details, the machine type and the degree of scouring necessary. 

Insufficient resolution leads to a decrease in the extinction coefficient across the wavelength axis, and therefore inaccurate quantitation results. The sensitivity of the measurement is also compromised. From a qualitative point of view, the fine features in the spectrum may be lost. The resolution of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer is related to its spectral bandwidth (SBW). The smaller the spectral bandwidth, the finer the resolution. The SBW depends on the slit width and the dispersive power of the monochrometer. Typically, only spectrophotometers designed for high-resolution work have a variable slit width. Spectrophotometers for routine analysis usually have a fixed slit width. For diode array instruments, the resolution also depends on the number of diodes in the array. 

Towards light, carbon disulphide possesses high refractive and dispersive powers, and in these properties is exceeded only by methylene iodide, bromonaphthalene and phenyl mustard oil. On this account it is used for filling hollow glass prisms for the production of spectra.4... 

For saccharose, r Ventzke division (using Mohr c.c.) corresponds with 0-3463 circular degrees this ratio varies somewhat for different substances according as the dispersive power varies, bat in general is almost constant for the different sugars. 

If no polarimeter is available, use may be made of a saccharimeter with a Ventzke scale, the different dispersive power of the quartz with respect to essences being disregarded. In this case the saccharimetric divisions are divided by 2-89 to obtain circular degrees. A tube 10, 5 or 2-5 cm, long is used according to the rotatory power of the ofl. 

Increased viscosity Increased block resistance Increased tensile strength Increased water resistance Increased adhesive strength Increased solvent resistance Increased dispersing power... 

Epoxy adhesive formulations demand a great variety of solvents and diluents with a wide range of evaporation rates, solvent strengths, and dispersion powers. These variations are required due to (1) the many types of epoxy resins, curing agents, and possible organic additives that can be used within a formulation and (2) the many different possible methods that can be used to apply the epoxy to the substrate (brush, spray, trowel, etc.). 

Development, test and demonstration of hydrogen end uses such as traction applications, dispersed power generation and total energy systems-market projections and development. 

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