Symptoms mental

Edema, blood pressure, cardiac symptoms, mental status, weight... 

Thiuram, the ethyl analog of thiram, was reported to cause peripheral neuropathy in humans (characterized by pain, numbness, and weakness in the extremities). Occupational exposure to maneb-containing fungicides caused extrapyramidal symptoms in two agricultural workers. In addition to the previously mentioned symptoms, mental confusion, drowsiness, lethargy, and flaccid paralysis were reported to occur with thiram poisoning. 

In workers with chronic inhalation exposure, iron deficiency and liver cirrhosis are commonly observed. Chronic inhalation exposure also affects the CNS, resulting in Parkinsonian-like symptoms. Mental aberrations are also observed. The psychiatric disturbance has been called manganese madness . Symptoms include confusion, unusual behavior, and sometimes hallucinations. Apathy, difficulty with speech, and loss of balance are most common. Other symptoms include difficulty with fine motor movement, anxiety, and pain. Manganese intoxication can result in a syndrome of parkinsonism and dystonia. If these extrapyramidal findings are present, they are likely to be irreversible... 

In clinical situations, clients will often describe the course of these symptoms and their severity as a roller-coaster ride not knowing when to expect the next drop (Hilty, Brady, Hales, 1999). Unlike earlier perceptions, bipolar disorder is now understood as an illness with overlapping states of mood and accompanying symptoms. Mental health professionals also recognize that clients with bipolar disorders can suffer concurrently from other forms of mental illness such as alcoholism, drug use, and anxiety disorders (Cassano, Pini, Saettoni, Dell Osso, 1999). Regardless of how clients experience this disorder, it is important for social work practitioners to become knowledgeable about the types of medications successfully used in its treatment and the psychosocial treatments that can help. 

Patient selection should not be too limited. Any patient with a variety of neurological symptoms, mental retardation, dysmorphic signs, hepatic insufficiency or fibrosis, protein losing enteropathy, failure to thrive, hypoto-... 

Deficiency or Toxicity in Humans. Molybdenum deficiency in humans results in deranged metaboHsm of sulfur and purines and symptoms of mental disturbances (130). Toxic levels produce elevated uric acid in blood, gout, anemia, and growth depression. Faulty utiH2ation results in sulfite oxidase deficiency, a lethal inborn error. 

In a process disturbance, the suddenness of the onset of the event will also play a significant role in human performance. This category refers to the time required for the process symptom to develop to the extent that it becomes detectable by the workers. If the s3unptom develops gradually, this leaves some scope for the workers to switch to a high mode of alertness. This allows them to develop an adequate mental model (see Chapter 2) of the process state. If an adverse condition develops extremely slowly it may not be detected by workers, particularly if its development spans more than one shift. 

Anxiolytic. A drug that decreases the mental symptoms and somatic signs of anxiety. 

CMV, a virus of the herpes family, isa common viral infection. Healthy individuals may beoome infected yet have no symptoms. However, immunocompromised patients (such as those with HIV or cancer) may have the infection. Symptoms include malaise, fever, pneumonia, and super infection. Infants may acquire the virus from the mother while in the uterus, resulting in learning disabilities and mental retardation. CM V can infect the eye, causing retinitis. Symptoms of CMV retinitis are blurred vision and decreased visual acuity. Visual impairment is irreversible and can lead to blindness if untreated. 

Levels greater than 150 mcg mL may result in symptoms of mild salicylism, namely tinnitus (ringing sound in the ear), difficulty in hearing, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mental confusion, central nervous system depression, headache, sweating, and hyperventilation (rapid, deep breathing). 

Gastrointestinal symptoms occur frequently with the administration of ethosuximide (Zarontin), methsux-imide (Celontin Kapseals), and phensuximide (Milontin Kapseals). Mental confusion and other personality changes, pruritus, urticaria, urinary frequency, weight loss, and hematologic changes may also be seen. 

The dragp used to treat parkinsonism also may be used to treat the symptoms of parkinsonism that occur with the administrafion of some of the psychotherapeutic dragp (see Chap. 32). When used for this purpose, the antiparkinsonism drugp may exacerbate mental symptoms and precipitate a psychosis. The nurse must observe the paHent s behavior at frequent intervals. If sudden behavioral changes are noted, the nurse withholds the next dose of the drug and immediately nofifies the primary health care provider. 

Do not abruptly discontinue use of the antiparkinsonism drugs Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome may occur when the antiparkinsonism drugs are discontinued or the dosage of levodopa is reduced abruptly. The nurse carefully observes the patient and reports the following symptoms muscular rigidity, elevated body temperature, and mental changes... 

The initial assessments of the outpatient are basically the same as those for the hospitalized patient. The nurse obtains a complete medical histoiy and a histoiy of the symptoms of the mental disorder from the patient, a family member, or the patient s hospital records. During the initial interview, the nurse observes the patient for what appear to be deviations from a normal behavior pattern. The nurse also should assess the patient s vital signs and body weight. 

The symptoms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are given in Table 51-1. A severe form of hyperthyroidism, called thyrotoxicosis or tiiyroid storm, is characterized by high fever, extreme tachycardia, and altered mental status. Thyroid hormones are used to treat hypothyroidism and antithyroid... 

Srisurapanont M, Jarusuraisin N, Kittirattanapaiboon P Treatment for amphetamine dependence and abuse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 CD003022, 2001 Srisurapanont M, Ali R, Marsden J, et al Psychotic symptoms in methamphetamine psychotic in-patients. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 6 347-352, 2003 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Overview of Findings From the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (DHHS Publ No SMA 03-3774). Rockville, MD, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2003... 

E. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder. 

C. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition (e.g., anatomical lesions and infections of the brain, visual epilepsies) and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., delirium, dementia. Schizophrenia) or hypnopompic hallucinations. 

Mental disturbances have been reported after organophosphate exposure. Neuropsychiatric symptoms occurred in two aerial applicators, one of whom used methyl parathion as well as other insecticides. One of these pilots had high levels of exposure to a mixture containing methyl parathion, toxaphene, and Dipterex when his clothing became saturated when the tank of his aircraft accidentally overflowed. Several months after the accident, the subject complained of anxiety, dizziness, emotional lability, and frequent and severe disagreements with family members and associates. Similar observations had been... 

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