Liposome coated

Another important area of future development concerns copying the supramolecular principle of cell envelopes of archaea, which have evolved in the most extreme and hostile ecosystems. This biomimetic approach is expected to lead to new technologies for stabilizing fnnctional lipid membranes and their nse at the mesoscopic and macroscopic scales [200]. Along the same line, liposomes coated with S-layer lattices resemble archaeal cell envelopes or virns envelopes. Since liposomes have a broad application potential, particu-... 

Garcon N, Gregoriadis G, Taylor M, Summerfield J. Targeted immunoadjuvant action of tetanus toxoid-containing liposomes coated with mannosylated albumin. Immunology 1988 64 743-745. 

Meyer O, et al. Cationic liposomes coated with polyethylene glycol as carriers for oligonucleotides. J Biol Chem 1998 273 15621 Shi G, et al. Efficient intracellular drug and gene delivery using folate receptor-targeted pH-sensitive liposomes composed of cationic/anionic lipid combinations. J Control Release 2002 80 309. 

Spaghetti structure the liposomes coat the DNA strand with a cylindrically shaped bilayer. 

D. Papahadjopoulos. 1998. Cationic liposomes coated with polyethylene glycol as carriers for oligonucleotides. /. Biol. Chem. 273 15621-15627. 

Thongborisute J, Takeuchi H, Yamamoto H, Kawashima Y (2006a) Visualization of the penetrative and mucoadhesive properties of chitosan and chitosan-coated liposomes through the rat intestine. J Liposome Res 16(2) 127-141 Thongborisute J, Takeuchi H, Yamamoto H, Kawashima Y (2006b) Properties of liposomes coated with hydrophobically modified chitosan in oral liposomal drug dehvery. Pharmazie 61 (2) 106—111... 

Takeuchi, H., Kojima, H., Yamamoto, H., and Kawashima, Y. (2001), Evaluation of circulation profiles of liposomes coated with hydrophilic polymers having different molecular weights in rats, J. Controlled Release, 75, 83-91. 

Assays that use liposomes coated with murine monoclonal antibodies and magnetic particles coated with antimurine monoclonal antibodies, have been developed. Incubation of these two components results in destabilization of the liposome by binding to the magnetic particles. As a result the entrapped marker will be released. ° ... 

In the area of controlled release, the preparation of indomethacin sustained-release microparticles from alginic acid (alginate)-gelatin hydrocolloid coacervate systems has been investigated. In addition, as controlled-release systems for liposome-associated macromolecules, microspheres have been produced encapsulating liposomes coated with alginic... 

Nonviral vectors are mostly liposomes of one type or another. Liposomal envelopes can transport substances across cell membranes which would otherwise be repelled by the hydrophilicity of the gene construct. Liposomes may be constructed that are either anionic or cationic. Complex liposomes, coated with antibodies that will target specific antigen presenting cells, can also be designed. 

To conclude, cationic liposome formulations were shown in animal models to be efficient, safe, and versatile delivery vehicles for pDNA molecules. The engineering of liposomes coated with targeting molecules is one method to enhance the efficacy and specificity of these vehicles. Clinical trials in humans are needed to demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of these approaches. 

Several studies have shown that liposomes coated with the copol3rmers of NIPPAm and MAA bearing long alkyl chains (hydrophobic moiety) appeared to have a temperature-pH-responsive property. The alkyl substituent interacts with... 

Takeuchi H, Kojima H, Toyoda T, Yamamoto H, Hino T, Kawashima Y. Prolonged circulation time of doxorubicin loaded liposomes coated with a modified polyvinyl alcohol after intravenous injection in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1999 48 123-129. 

The impact of different surfactants (SDS, DOSS, CTAB and hexadimethrine bromide, bile salts °), nonionic and mixed micelles, and additives (neutral and anionic CDs," " tetraalkylammonium salts, organic solvents in EKC separations has been demonstrated with phenol test mixtures. In addition, phenols have been chosen to introduce the applicability of more exotic EKC secondary phases such as SDS modified by bovine serum albumin, water-soluble calixarene, " starburstdendrimers, " " cationic replaceable polymeric phases, ionenes, amphiphilic block copolymers,polyelectrolye complexes,and liposome-coated capillaries. The separation of phenols of environmental interest as well as the sources and transformations of chlorophenols in the natural environment have been revised. Examples of the investigation of phenols by EKC methodologies in aquatic systems, soil," " and gas phase are compiled in Table 31.3. Figure 31.3 illustrates the electromigration separation of phenols by both CZE and EKC modes. 

Romberg, B., Oussoren, C., Snel, C., Hennink, W., Storm, G. Effect of liposome characteristics and dose on the pharmacokinetics of liposomes coated with poly(amino acid)s. Pharm. Res. 2007, 24 (12), 2394-2401. 

By coating liposomes with multilayer films, a prolonged delivery of a drug could be achieved. The liposome coating composed of a PAH/PAA multilayer allowed prolonged drug release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 

Fig. 2. A typical example of gel-filtration of liposomes coated with FITC(0.54)-OPP-50(1.8) from the free FITC-OPP developed with 200 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) as an eluant. Liposomes were detected by turbidity at 220 nm (— —) and fluorescence intensity of FITC moiety at 520 nm (—O —) Coating with the polysaccharide was perfomed by incubating 3.0 ml of a sonicated liposome suspension prepared from 30 mg of egg lecithin with 1 ml of 200 mM Tris-HCl containing 5 mg of the FITC-OPP at 25 C (see text).

Manca ML, et al. Liposomes coated with Chitosan-Xanthan Gum (Chitosomes) as potential carriers for pulmonary delivery of rifampicin. J Pharm Sci. 2012 101(2) 566-75. 

Figure 17 (a) Schematic drawing of a liposome coated with an S-layer lattice that is used as a matrix for immobilizing functional macromolecules, (b) Freeze-etched preparation of a liposome completely covered with a square S-layer lattice (courtesy S. Kupcu). (c) Negative-staining of a liposome coat with an oblique S-layer lattice that was subsequently exploited for the covalent attachment of ferritin. 

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