Promyelocytic leukemic cells

Benzene metabolites have also been shown to damage murine hematopoietic cells in vitro (Seidel et al. 1991). In addition, benzene has been shown to decrease mitochondrial respiration and increase superoxide radical production in isolated rat heart mitochondria (Stolze and Nohl 1994). The effects of exposure of HL-60 cells (human promyelocytic leukemic cells) to hydroquinone, />benzoquinonc, or 1,2,4-benzene-triol were studied by Rao and Snyder (1995). The cytotoxic effect of the metabolites on HL-60 cells, measured as cell viability, could be ranked as />benzoquinone>hydroquinone> 1,2,4-benzenetriol, with viability from 50% to 70% after incubation with concentrations up to 100 pM for 4 hours. Basal levels of superoxide anion or nitric oxide production were not affected by incubation of the cells with the metabolites, but in the presence of TPA, each metabolite increased superoxide anion production however, nitric oxide production was increased with hydroquinone and />benzoquinonc, but not 1,2,4-benzenetriol. HL-60 cells showed increased production of hydrogen peroxide after exposure to the three benzene metabolites. This study suggests that benzene metabolites may predispose the cells to oxidative damage by inhibiting or reducing antioxidant mechanisms within the cell. 

Karyotype of a promyelocytic leukemic cell, with balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, t(15 17). The rearranged chromosomes are identified by arrows. (Courtesy of Dr. Mark H. Bogart.)... 

Methoxyacronycine (1) was first obtained by total synthesis (39) and was later isolated from various Citrus species (40, 41). It was tested for human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60 growth inhibition. Under such conditions, it was shown to be significantly active (IC50 = 17.2 pM), as was 10,11-dimethoxyacronycine (8.) (IC50 = 15.5 pM), when compared with acronycine (IC50 = 26.2 pM) (42, 43). In contrast, it should be noted here that 11-azaacronycine ( = 6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-3,12-dihydrochromeno-... 

These data show that TTA and ERA inhibit growth of a variety of human cancer cells in vitro. In all these experiments TTA was more potent than EPA. However, cancer cells from different origins respond differently to poorly oxidizable fatty acids. Human colon cancer cells were more sensitive than human promyelocytic leukemic cells and human glioma cells. 

Induction of differentiation, human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemic cells... 

Yamakawa T, Kagechika H, Kawachi E, Hashimoto Y, Shudo K (1990) Retinobenzoic acids. 5. Retinoidal activities of compounds having a triethylsilyl or trimethylgermyl group(s) in human promyelocytic leukemic cells HL-60. J Med Chem 33 1430-1437... 

Nojiri, H., Takaku, F., Tetsuka, T., and Saito, M., 1982, Stimulation of sialidase activity during cell differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 104 1239-1246. 

Hayakawa Y, Nakagawa M, Kawai H, Tanabe K, Nakayama H, Shimazu A, Seto H, Otake N. (1983) Studies on the differentiation inducers of myeloid leukemic cells 111. Spicamycin, a new inducer of differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. J Antibiot 36 934-937. 

In addition to growth inhibition and apoptosis, retinoids are well-established as redifferentiating agents in vitro. Redifferentiation and growth inhibition have been documented in osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro (Barroga et al, 1999). In human myeloid leukemia cell lines, all-tra wr-RA can induce differentiation to granulocytic- or monocytic-like cells. The same effect can be demonstrated in leukemic cells from patients with promyelocytic leukemia (Chomienne ij /., 1990). 

Fourth, on the antitumor activity) for the tumor cells, the hypophasic orange extract (PM3) and hypophasic apple extract (PM4) showed slightly their higher cytotoxicity against four the human tumor cells such as squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2, HSC-3, submandibular gland carcinoma HSG and human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells when compared to their cytotoxic activity of three normal human oral cells such as gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC and periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF. 

Merrill, A. H., Sereni, A. M., Stevens, V. L., Hannun, Y. A., Bell, R. M., and Kinkade, J. M., 1986, Inhibition of phorobol ester-dependent differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemic (HL-60) cells by sphinganine and other long chain bases, J. Biol. Chem. 261 12610-12615. 

NO induces the differentiation of promyelocytes in monocytes, talking about established culture cells (HL-60, U937, THP-1) or freshly leukemic isolated cells. Cell differentiation is shown by the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell adhesion, induction of marker expression (CD 14) and cytokines production (IL-ip and TNFa). This effect is due to NO donors and NO gaz [146], due to iNOS induction by CD23 ligation [112]... 

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