Styrene-propylene copolymer

Figure 1. DSC curves of (a) pure styrene-propylene copolymer, (b) iPS, and (c) iPP.

Waldman D A, Kolb B U, McCarthy T J and Hsu S L 1988 Infrared study of adsorbed monolayers of poly(styrene-propylene sulphide) (PS-PPS) block copolymers Polym. Mater. Sc/. Eng. 59 326-33... 

Many cellular plastics that have not reached significant commercial use have been introduced or their manufacture described in Hterature. Examples of such polymers are chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, a copolymer of vinyUdene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, polyamides (4), polytetrafluoroethylene (5), styrene—acrylonitrile copolymers (6,7), polyimides (8), and ethylene—propylene copolymers (9). 

Organic peroxides are used in the polymer industry as thermal sources of free radicals. They are used primarily to initiate the polymerisation and copolymerisation of vinyl and diene monomers, eg, ethylene, vinyl chloride, styrene, acryUc acid and esters, methacrylic acid and esters, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, and butadiene (see Initiators). They ate also used to cute or cross-link resins, eg, unsaturated polyester—styrene blends, thermoplastics such as polyethylene, elastomers such as ethylene—propylene copolymers and terpolymers and ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymer, and mbbets such as siUcone mbbet and styrene-butadiene mbbet. 

Combination techniques such as microscopy—ftir and pyrolysis—ir have helped solve some particularly difficult separations and complex identifications. Microscopy—ftir has been used to determine the composition of copolymer fibers (22) polyacrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and a dye-receptive organic sulfonate trimer have been identified in acryHc fiber. Both normal and grazing angle modes can be used to identify components (23). Pyrolysis—ir has been used to study polymer decomposition (24) and to determine the degree of cross-linking of sulfonated divinylbenzene—styrene copolymer (25) and ethylene or propylene levels and ratios in ethylene—propylene copolymers (26). 

Acrylonitrile—Butadiene—Styrene. ABS is an important commercial polymer, with numerous apphcations. In the late 1950s, ABS was produced by emulsion grafting of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers onto polybutadiene latex particles. This method continues to be the basis for a considerable volume of ABS manufacture. More recently, ABS has also been produced by continuous mass and mass-suspension processes (237). The various products may be mechanically blended for optimizing properties and cost. Brittle SAN, toughened by SAN-grafted ethylene—propylene and acrylate mbbets, is used in outdoor apphcations. Flame retardancy of ABS is improved by chlorinated PE and other flame-retarding additives (237). 

Currently, important TPE s include blends of semicrystalline thermoplastic polyolefins such as propylene copolymers, with ethylene-propylene terepolymer elastomer. Block copolymers of styrene with other monomers such as butadiene, isoprene, and ethylene or ethylene/propy-lene are the most widely used TPE s. Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) accounted for 70% of global styrene block copolymers (SBC). Currently, global capacity of SBC is approximately 1.1 million tons. Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers are relatively more expensive then other TPE s. However, they are noted for their flexibility, strength, toughness, and abrasion and chemical resistance. Blends of polyvinyl chloride with elastomers such as butyl are widely used in Japan. ... 

The molecules join together to form a long chain-like molecule which may contain many thousands of ethylene units. Such a molecule is referred to as a polymer, in this case polyethylene, whilst in this context ethylene is referred to as a monomer. Styrene, propylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate are other examples of monomers which can polymerise in this way. Sometimes two monomers may be reacted together so that residues of both are to be found in the same chain. Such materials are known as copolymers and are exemplified by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers. 

FIGURE 1.12 Master curve of tear energy Gc versus rate R of tear propagation at Tg for three cross-linked elastomers polybutadiene (BR, Tg — —96°C) ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR, Tg — —60°C) a high-styrene-styrene-butadiene rubber copolymer (HS-SBR, Tg — —30°C). (From Gent, A.N. and Lai, S.-M., J. Polymer Sci., Part B Polymer Phys., 32, 1543, 1994. With permission.)... 

We have considerable latitude when it comes to choosing the chemical composition of rubber toughened polystyrene. Suitable unsaturated rubbers include styrene-butadiene copolymers, cis 1,4 polybutadiene, and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene is a more complex type of block copolymer. It is made by swelling polybutadiene with styrene and acrylonitrile, then initiating copolymerization. This typically takes place in an emulsion polymerization process. 

The isoprene units in the copolymer impart the ability to crosslink the product. Polystyrene is far too rigid to be used as an elastomer but styrene copolymers with 1,3-butadiene (SBR rubber) are quite flexible and rubbery. Polyethylene is a crystalline plastic while ethylene-propylene copolymers and terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and diene (e.g., dicyclopentadiene, hexa-1,4-diene, 2-ethylidenenorborn-5-ene) are elastomers (EPR and EPDM rubbers). Nitrile or NBR rubber is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene. Vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene and olefin-acrylic ester copolymers and 1,3-butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine terpolymer are examples of specialty elastomers. 

Phadnis, S., Patri, M., Chandrasekhar, L. and Deb, P. C. 2005. Proton-exchange membranes via the grafting of styrene and acrylic acid onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer by a preirradiation technique. III. Thermal and mechanical properties of the membranes and their sulfonated derivatives. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 97 1418-1425. 

Initiators such as BPO are used not only for the initiation of chain reaction polymerization, but also for the curing of polyesters and ethylene-propylene copolymers, and for the grafting of styrene on elastomeric polymer chains. 

SEES Styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer. 

Mean-square unperturbed dimensions and dipole moments are calculated for propylene-vinyl chloride copolymers by means of RIS theory. The calculations indicate that for these chain molecules is much more sensitive to chemical sequence distribution than is 0, a conclusion in agreement with results of previous studies of ethylene-propylene copolymers and styrene-substituted styrene copolymers. In the case of propylene-vinyl chloride chains, both 0 and are most strongly dependent on chemical sequence distribution in the case of copolymers which are significantly syndiotactic in stereochemical structure. 

Sealants - [ELASTOMERSSYNTHETIC - POLYISOPRENE] (Vol 9) - [SEALANTS] (Vol 21) -acrylics [ACRYLICESTERPOLYMERS - SURVEY] (Voll) -barium compds in [BARIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 3) -based on liquid polysulfides [POLYMERS CONTAINING SULFUR - POLYSULFIDES] (Vol 19) -defoamersin [DEFOAMERS] (Vol 7) -fiom fluorosilicones [FLUORINE COMPOUNDS,ORGANIC - POLY(FLUOROSILICONES)] (Volll) -hydrocarbon resins in [HYDROCARBON RESINS] (Vol 13) -lecithin in (LECITHIN] (Vol 15) -organolithiumcmpdsinprdnof [LITHIUM AND LITHIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 15) -polysulfide curing [PEROXIDES AND PEROXIDE COMPOUNDS - INORGANIC PEROXIDES] (Vol 18) -propylene oxide in mfg of [PROPYLENE OXIDE] (Vol 20) -PVB m [VINYL POLYMERS - VINYL ACETAL POLYMERS] (Vol 24) -rheological measurements [RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS] (Vol 21) -from styrenic block copolymers [ELASTOMERS SYNTHETIC - THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS] (Vol 9) -use of dispersants [DISPERSANTS] (Vol 8)... 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

Diblock copolymers, especially those containing a block chemically identical to one of the blend components, are more effective than triblocks or graft copolymers. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that efficient compat-ibilisation can be achieved with multiblock copolymers [47], potentially for heterogeneous mixed blends. Miscibility of particular segments of the copolymer in one of the phases of the bend is required. Compatibilisers for blends consisting of mixtures of polyolefins are of major interest for recyclates. Random poly(ethylene-co-propylene) is an effective compatibiliser for LDPE-PP, HDPE-PP or LLDPE-PP blends. The impact performance of PE-PP was improved by the addition of very low density PE or elastomeric poly(styrene-block-(ethylene-co-butylene-l)-block styrene) triblock copolymers (SEBS) [52]. 

Chiu, H.-T. Chiu, W.-M. The toughening behavior in propylene-ethylene block copolymer filled with carbon black and styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene triblock copolymer. Mater. Chem. Phys. 56, 108-115 (1998). 

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