Heterogeneous mixing

Fig. 2-6 Current-potential relationships for a heterogeneous mixed eleetrode or for eell formation (explanation in the text).

Designing a combinatorial library is a controversial art that involves a heterogeneous mix of chemistry, mathematics, economics, experience, and intuition. 

A polyclonal antiserum contains a heterogeneous mix of antibodies directed against an antigen. 

Figure 9 The increased complexity going from single particle in (A) to a continuous heterogeneous mixed conversion system in (I)...

Several authors have tried to model the most complex case, that is, the heterogeneous mixed bed [5,12,14,16]. Based on the conclusions in this survey, it is obvious that these models cannot be successful, because there exist no conceptual models, and in turn no mathematical models, good enough to describe this physical problem. 

The complexity of the thermochemical conversion of solid fuels is obvious when we go from the level of the single particle up to the level of the heterogeneous mixed bed system, see Figure 31. The more complex the conversion system becomes, the more differentiated the conceptual model, and hence the mathematical model, needs to be. 

Fig. 1. Microenvironmental factors and the invasive process. The primary tumor is a heterogeneous mix of cell populations, further diversified by gradients of blood-borne nutrients, oxygen, and drugs. Hypoxia contributes to treatment resistance, upregulates pro-angiogenic and pro-invasive molecules, and helps to maintain cancer stem-like cell populations. Tumor cells may undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enter blood vessels, and disseminate to distant sites where they extravasate, invade, and colonize the tissues. Once established, the cells may undergo the reverse program (mesen-chymal-to-epithelial transition, MET) and proliferate to form metastases, the major reason for treatment failure.

Heterogeneous mixing of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives with Ji-conjugated polymers has been used to produce excellent materials for photovoltaic devices [141], Upon irradiation of fullerene/polymer blends, charge transfer from the polymer to occurs, resulting in efficient photoconductivities. Better behavior of fullerene derivatives than with pristine Cgg has been observed, and attributed to the improved miscibility of the functionalized species. 

Incorporation of the appropriate kinds of (nano)particles into heterogeneous mixed biopolymer systems may offer new opportunities for the generation of novel structures having interesting physicochemical properties. In particular, the concept of particle structuring at liquid-liquid interfaces may have future possibilities in food-based biopolymer-based delivery and encapsulation technology. 

Bismuth is an important element in many of the new high-temperature, oxide superconductors and in a variety of heterogeneous mixed oxide catalysts. Some of the methods employed in the preparation of these materials, namely sol-gel and chemical vapor deposition processes, require bismuth alkoxides as precursors and a number of papers on these compounds have recently been published.1 One synthetic route to bismuth alkoxides, which avoids the more commonly used trihalide starting materials and the often troublesome separation of alkali metal halides, involves the reaction between a bismuth amide and an alcohol according to the following equation ... 

Fig. 21. Three steady states in a catalyst bed. Pt catalyst diluted with inert particles (heterogeneous mixing).

Fig. 22. Dependence of exit conversion on inlet temperature. Pt catalyst (12.5%) diluted with CuO particles (87.5%), 3% CO. (a) Pt catalyst located at reactor inlet (heterogeneous mixing), (b) Pt catalyst located at reactor outlet (heterogeneous mixing), and (c) homogeneous mixing of Pt and CuO catalyst.

Diblock copolymers, especially those containing a block chemically identical to one of the blend components, are more effective than triblocks or graft copolymers. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that efficient compat-ibilisation can be achieved with multiblock copolymers [47], potentially for heterogeneous mixed blends. Miscibility of particular segments of the copolymer in one of the phases of the bend is required. Compatibilisers for blends consisting of mixtures of polyolefins are of major interest for recyclates. Random poly(ethylene-co-propylene) is an effective compatibiliser for LDPE-PP, HDPE-PP or LLDPE-PP blends. The impact performance of PE-PP was improved by the addition of very low density PE or elastomeric poly(styrene-block-(ethylene-co-butylene-l)-block styrene) triblock copolymers (SEBS) [52]. 

Vanderberg LA, Foreman TM, Attrep M, Brainard JR, Sauer NN. Treatment of heterogeneous mixed wastes enzyme degradation of cellulosic materials contaminated with hazardous organics and toxic and radioactive metals. Environ Sci Technol 1999 33 1256-1262. 

Fig. 10 Binary phase diagram of a a) monomeric nonionic surfactant, b) non-ionic polysurfactant in aqueous solution A heterogeneous mixed crystals B heterogeneous melt C homogeneous isotropic solution D homogeneous mesomorphous phases...

Lecithin interaction with other food ingredients. Food systems are usually heterogeneous mixes of components, in which the interaction of ingredient classes... 

Table 3. Results (bin. heterogeneous mix.) Table 4. Results (ternary mixture)...

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