Streptococcus pneumonia antibodies

The clinical relevance of this finding was suggested by the observation that mice were more susceptible to sepsis following infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae when basophils were depleted before the second vaccination with pneumoccocal antigen [22]. Antigen-specific IgG antibodies produced after the second vaccination were significantly lower in the basophil-depleted mice than in control mice. Thus, basophils are important contributors to humoral memory immune responses. 

Lim, P.L., Choy, W.F., Chan, S.T.H., Leung, D.T. and Ng, S.S. (1994) Transgene-encoded antiphosphorylcholine (T15+) antibodies protect CBA/N (xvl) mice against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae but not TrichineUa spiralis. Infection and Immunity 62, 1658—1661. 

Beckmann, E. and Levitt, D. (1984) Phosphorylcholine on Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a is responsible for in vitro polyclonal antibody secretion by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 132, 2174-2176. 

The clinical manifestations of PIDs vary with the aspect of the immune system affected. In general, because of the role of antibodies in protection against bacterial infections, individuals with deficiencies in humoral immunity are particularly prone to infections from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. These individuals are also prone to infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts because of the protective role of IgA in secretions. 

TCDD is a known immunosuppressant in animals in acute-, intermediate, and chronic-duration studies (Kerkvliet 1995). Suppression of the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was observed in B6C3F1 mice administered 14 daily doses of 0.1 g 2,3,7,8-TCDD/kg/day (Holsapple et al. 1986), and a significant increase in mortality was observed in B6C3Fj mice administered 1.0 g/kg/day 2,3,7,8-TCDD for 14 days and challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae (White et al. 1986). Decreased survival after viral infection was also reported in female B6C3F1 mice after a single intraperitoneal dose of 0.1 g... 

Murray, S.E., Lallman, H.R., Heard, A.D., Rittenberg, M.B., and Stenzel-Poore, M.P. 2001. A genetic model of stress displays decreased lymphocytes and impaired antibody responses without altered susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae. The Journal of Immunology 167 691-698. 

Avery and Goebel applied this concept to cellobiouronic acid [70], and also to the Sp serotype 3 CPS. Both conjugates to horse semm globuhn were able to induce polysaccharide specific antibodies and remarkably they conferred immunity to challenge by live Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. 

Systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae assay to evaluate T-independent antibody response and bioodborne infections controlled by MZB ceils... 

Therapeutic Agents Targeting TNF-oc. The Streptococcus pneumoniae host resistance model is also valuable for evaluating the importance of macrophage cytokines on bacterial host resistance. Human biological therapeutics targeting inhibition of TNF-a have been used to treat inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Decreased TNFa as a result of treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to TNF-a has an effect on several biomarkers of infection (Takashima et al, 1997 van der Poll et al, 1997 Benton et al., 1998 O Brien et al, 1999). These studies have reported that treatment of mice with a mAb to TNF-a results in altered levels of TNF-a in the lungs... 

The Streptococcus pneumoniae MZB cell model has been characterized in mice and Sprague-Dawley rats with a systemic bloodbome infection by intravenous inoculation. Bacteria are quantified by determining the number of CFU in the spleen, liver, lungs, and blood over a 2-week period. Cytokines, hematology, immunophenotyping, and anti-streptococcal antibody (TIAR) are also quantified in this model (Burleson and Burleson, 2006). 

This is a bacterial vaccine that induces antibodies against (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which are directly conjugated to the protein carrier CRM,97 to form glycoconjugate. It is indicated in active immunization of infants and toddlers against Streptococcus pneumoniae and in active immunization of infants and toddlers against otitis media caused by serotypes included in the vaccine. 

Pneumococcal vaccine is a bacterial vaccine that induces antibodies against 23 capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The type-specific antibody facilitates bacterial destruction by complement-mediated lysis. It is indicated in protection against pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal bacteremia, and other pneumococcal infections. This bacterial vaccine is used for pneumococcal immunization. 

Libon, C., Haeuw, J.F., Crouzet, F., Mugnier, C., Bormefoy, J.Y., Beck, A. and Corvaia, N., 2002, Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide conjugated to the outer membrane protein A from Klebsiella pneumoniae elicit protective antibodies. Vaccine 20 2174-2180. 

The important role of anti-polysaccharide antibodies in protection from diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria was demonstrated in the seventies for Haemophilus influenzae type b. Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

The first inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis starts early in life with more severe lesions developing only if classical risk factors, especially cholesterol, remain present. Immune responses mounted against antigens cross-react with homologous host proteins in a form of molecular mimicry, for example, HSP are secreted by C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, mammalian vascular cells exposed to stress such as CVD risk factors, and cells within atherosclerotic plaques In addition, serum titers of anti-HSP antibodies are correlated positively with the future risk of CHD, and purified anti-HSP antibodies lyse stressed human EC and macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, immunization with HSP exacerbate athersclerosis in animal models (reviewed in refs. 212,213). However, there is molecular mimicry between epitopes of oxLDL and Streptococcus pneumonia in LDLR -/- mice pneumococcal immunization led to increased IgM levels against oxLDL and decreased the extent of atherosclerosis (214). 

Hilleman MR, Carlson AJ, McLean AA, Vella PP, Weibel RE, Woodhour AF. Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine age and dose responses, safety, persistence of antibody, revaccination, and simultaneous administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. Rev Infect Dis 1981 3(suppl) S31-S42. 

A few years later, Coons, as mentioned, demonstrated the possibility of using FM in tissue slices for localization of Streptococcus pneumoniae with fluorescein-conjugated antibodies [1]. His later studies [5] contributed enormously to the development of immunofluorescence (IMF) techniques. Their diffusion, however, was at that time somewhat hampered for two main reasons first, very few laboratories had a fluorescence microscope that was quite an expensive piece of equipment, and, second, IMF preparations had a relatively short life as the so-called first-generation fluorochromes were subject to rapid decay and bleaching of fluorescence. 

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