Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccines

Hilleman MR, Carlson AJ, McLean AA, Vella PP, Weibel RE, Woodhour AF. Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine age and dose responses, safety, persistence of antibody, revaccination, and simultaneous administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. Rev Infect Dis 1981 3(suppl) S31-S42. 

Libon, C., Haeuw, J.F., Crouzet, F., Mugnier, C., Bormefoy, J.Y., Beck, A. and Corvaia, N., 2002, Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide conjugated to the outer membrane protein A from Klebsiella pneumoniae elicit protective antibodies. Vaccine 20 2174-2180. 

Vaccines can be roughly categorized into killed vaccines and Hve vaccines. A killed vaccine can be (/) an inactivated, whole microorganism such as pertussis, (2) an inactivated toxin, called toxoid, such as diphtheria toxoid, or (J) one or more components of the microorganism commonly referred to as subunit vaccines. The examples are capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the surface antigen protein for Hepatitis B vims vaccine. 

Fractionation. The process by which components are extracted firm bacterial eells or from the medium in whieh the baeteria are grown and obtained in a purified form. The polysaccharide antigens of Neisseria meningitidis are separated from the bacterial cells by treatment with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and those of Streptococcus pneumoniae with ethanol. The purity of an extracted material may be improved by resolubilization in a suitable solvent and precipitation. After purification, a component may be dried to a powder, stored indefinitely and, as required, incorporated into a vaccine in precisely weighed amounts at the blending stage. 

Pneumococcal vaccine is a mixture of capsular polysaccharides from 23 of the 83 most prevalent types of Streptococcus pneumoniae seen in the United States. 

Pneumococcal vaccines Mixture of purified surface polysaccharide antigens obtained from differing serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Active immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae... 

Pneumococcal vaccine, polyvalent [FDA former] Streptococcus pneumonia capsular polysaccharide vaccine [SY]... 

Wang, Q., Wang, M., Kong, F., Gilbert, G.L., Cao, B., Wang, L., Feng, L. Development of a DNA microarray to identify the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes contained in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and closely related serotypes. J Microbiol Methods 68 (2007) 128-136. 

Structures of Some of the Capsular Polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae Contained in the Current, Pneumococcal Vaccine... 

Pneumococcal vaccine is composed of a saline solution containing the purified capsular polysaccharides of 23 types of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The improved 23-valent vaccine, which replaced a 14-valent vaccine at the beginning of the 1980s, contains antigens to pneumococcal types that are responsible for about 85% of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. 

Streptococcus pneumoniae CD4 count of >200 cells/mcL 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine, 0.5 mL intramuscularly... 

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