Anti-polysaccharide antibody

The ramified region seemed to be one of active site in bupleuran 2IIc. Therefore anti-polysaccharide antibody was made by immunization of its ramified region (PG-1) to the rabbits. Then highly sensitive ELISA method using the purified antibody was developed in order to detect the active polysaccharide. 

Capsular polysaccharides purified from bacteria are almost non-toxic and considerably less toxic than the whole-cell and elicited anti-polysaccharide antibodies at a single dose of 10-50 pg [17]. The antibodies provide type-specific immunity lasting for several years in healthy humans [18]. The simplicity of polysaccharides as vaccines and its low toxicity prompted development of the first polysaccharidic pneumococcal vaccine (tetravalent) marketed as early as 1946 [19]. Polysaccharide vaccines were only really introduced during the 1970s to counteract the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. 

Formaldehyde cross-linking is used extensively on a commercial basis, and the pore structures of formaldehyde-cottons have been characterized. Formaldehyde cross-linked cellulose appears to have some application as a medium for gel filtration of carbohydrates, and an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide cross-linked with glutaraldehyde has been used in the isolation of anti-polysaccharide antibodies. ... 

The important role of anti-polysaccharide antibodies in protection from diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria was demonstrated in the seventies for Haemophilus influenzae type b. Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

Dextrans may also promote a number of negative efleets. Dextrans 40 and 70 have been associated with acute renal failure, although the meehanism by whieh this is induced is unclear. Infusion of dextrans ean also prompt severe anaphylaetie shoek. Many patients exhibit anti-dextran antibodies, ineluding some who have not been previously administered dextran (antibodies may be generated in response to dextran-like dietary or baeterial polysaccharides to which the patient has previously been exposed). 

Guar is a polysaccharide of galacto-mannan type [59], Guar was used to immunize rabbits to produce anti-carbohydrate antibodies. Inhibition experiments showed that galactose was an inhibitor but the mannose was not. Guar was subjected to periodate oxidation [37] and to oxidation by galactose oxidase [51], and in both cases the oxidized guar did not react with the... 

Fig. 5.—Inhibition of anti-lactose antibodies reacting with an antigenic polysaccharide from a Group D Streptococcus in the presence or absence of inhibitors well A = anti-lactose antibodies well B = antibodies with lactose well C = antibodies with galactose wells 1-6 contain the antigen at decreasing concentrations from 20 to 1 p,g. (Reprinted from Journal of Immunological Methods, Volume 75, J. H. Pazur, and S. A. Kelly, pp. 107-116, copyright 1984 with kind permission of Elsevier Science—NL, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, 1055 KV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)...

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