Stormwater, runoff

Petrochemical units generate waste waters from process operations such as vapor condensation, from cooling tower blowdown, and from stormwater runoff. Process waste waters are generated at a rate of about 15 cubic meters per hour (m /hr), based on 500,000 tpy ethylene production, and may contain biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels of 100 mg/1, as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1,500 to 6,000 mg/1, suspended solids of 100 to 400 mg/1, and oil and grease of 30 to 600 mg/1. Phenol levels of up to 200 mg/1 and benzene levels of up to 100 mg/1 may also be present. 

Enter the applicable letter code for the receiving stream or water body from Section 3.10 of Part I of the form. Also, enter the total annual amount of the chemical released from all discharge points at the facility to each receiving stream or water body. Include process outfalls such as pipes and open trenches, releases from on-site wastewater treatment systems, and the contribution from stormwater runoff, if applicable (see instructions for column C below). Do not include discharges to a POTW or other off-site wastewater treatment facilities in this section. These off-sife transfers must be reported in Pari III, Section 6 of the form. 

This column relates only to Section 5.3 -- Discharges to receiving streams or water bodies. If your facility has monitoring data on the amount of the chemical in stormwater runoff (Including unchanneled runoff), you must include that quantity of the chemical in your water release in column A and indicate the percentage of the total quantity (by weight) of the chemical contributed by stormwater in column C (Section 5.3c). 

The total stormwater runoff from your facility is therefore calculated as follows ... 

Rainfall) x (land area) x (conversion factor) x (runoff coefficient) = stormwater runoff... 

Total stormwater runoff = 7.45 million gallons/year... 

Brown JN, Peacke BM (2006) Sources of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater runoff. Sci Tot Environ 59 145... 

CSO Combined sewer overflow SWR Stormwater runoff DB Detention basin... 

Marsh JM. 1993. Assessment of nonpoint source pollution in stormwater runoff in Louisville, (Jefferson County) Kentucky, USA. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol 25 446-455. 

Refining facilities reqnire significant volumes of water for on-site processes (e.g., coolants, blowdowns) as well as for sanitary and potable nse. Wastewater will derive from these sonrces (process water) and from stormwater runoff. The latter conld contain significant concentrations of petroleum product. 

The problem with this fixed nitrogen is that its use as a fertilizer requires land application. While some of the nitrogen is retained by the plants, much is carried off the land as stormwater runoff This increases the concentration of DIN in groundwater and river-water. Drainage of these waters into the coastal ocean supplies nutrients that stimulate plankton growth. Remineralization of the plankton biomass can lead to development of hypoxic and anoxic conditions in coastal waters. 

Land-use change in the coastal zone has accelerated the rate of pollutant loading for three reasons. First, removal of vegetation mobilizes materials, such as sediment. Second, the emplacement of impervious surfeces, such as roads and roofs, enhances pollutant transport as part of stormwater runoff Third, loss of natural habitats, such as wetlands, eliminates important ecosystem services, such as pollutant uptake and degradation. 

Flows of contaminated river water Flows of contaminated groundwater Sheet flow of polluted stormwater runoff Deposition of aeolian particles and gas dissolution... 

The ultimate sources of nitrogen and phosphorus causing cultural eutrophication are industrial N2 fixation, fossil-fuel burning, and the mining of phosphorite. The nitrogen and phosphorus used as fertilizer have three possible 6tes they either enter the food chain, become part of the soil, or are washed off the land by stormwater runoff The nutrients that enter the food chain eventually end up as either animal wastes or dead biomass. Animal wastes include human sewage, livestock manure, and pet feces. Sanitary... 

Even where sewage is supposed to be treated prior to discharge, such as in the industrialized countries of North America and western Europe, untreated effluents are still periodically emitted. These emissions are the result of breaks in sewer lines, pump feilures, and combined sewer overflows (CSOs). CSOs occur in sanitary sewer systems that, intentionally or not, merge wastewaters with stormwater runoff The stormwater flows are usually too large for the treatment plants to handle, leading to the discharge... 

PCDD/Fs are transported to the ocean primarily via effluent discharges, stormwater runoff and by wet and dry deposition of aerosols. Because of their high molecular weight and low volatiUty most PCDD/F contamination is local, with adsorption onto sediments being the primary sink, although transport to the Arctic is occurring. 

The most common litter item are small pieces of plastics whose lengths are on the order of a few millimeters. An important component are thermoplastic resin pellets and beads that are raw materials, mostly polypropylene and polyethylene, intended for manufecture into commercial items. Loss during ship transport and stormwater runoff are major sources of the pellets and beads to the ocean. Densities of 3500 per km have been reported floating on the surfece in the Sargasso Sea. On the beaches of New Zealand located near industrialized areas, concentrations as high as 100,000 per km are now being observed. The pellets and beads are carried by currents until they are either... 

Non-point-source inputs Pollutants introduced into the ocean from widely dispersed sources, such as stormwater runoff. 

Source Constituent in paraffin fraction of petroleum. Dodecane may be present in stormwater runoff from asphalted roadways and general use of petroleum oils and tars (quoted, Verschueren). 

Water refers to the release of chemicals into rivers, lakes, streams, oceans, and other bodies of surface water from all discharge points at the facility This category includes the release from on-site waste-water treatment systems, open trenches, and stormwater runoff. 

Hatch, A.C. and Burton Jr, G.A. (1999) Sediment toxicity and stormwater runoff in a contaminated receiving system consideration of different bioassays in the laboratory and field, Chemosphere 39 (6), 1001-1017. 

Identification of sewers, discharge locations and inputs to the final effluent or ETP (if one exists). The main streams and inputs to the ETP (if present) should be identified, along with sub-component streams (information should already be available as part of a Toxicity Prevention/Response Plan described in Section 5.1). Inputs should include process, site-runoff, stormwater runoff and groundwater sources. A description of the process and operation at each location should also be provided (including operation frequency). Locations with existing monitoring equipment and flow control devices should also be identified. 

Bailey, H.C., Elphick, J.R., Potter, A., Chao, E., Konasewich, D. and Zak, J.B. (1999) Causes of toxicity in stormwater runoff from sawmills, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, 1485-1491. 

Drill site construction and rigging-up A preplanning opportunity for a drilling operation is in the construction of the location and roads. The drilling location and the associated roads should be planned so that they are constructed such that stormwater runoff is diverted away from the location, and that the location s stormwater runoff, which may be contaminated, is collected. Construction of the location and roads should be planned so that erosion is minimized. These steps will help minimize the volume of contaminated stormwater runoff to be managed [59,63-66]. 

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