Chemical oxygen demand,

In waters, and especially in wastewaters, a wide spectrum of various organic substances is present, usually at very low concentrations. Since it is practically impossible to determine each of them separately, it was necessary to find a method determining them as groups and expressing thus the total content of these substances and the level of total water pollution. [Pg.298]

Indirect methods were sought which would be based on the oxidizability of organic substances. The quantity of oxygen required for oxidation, or [Pg.298]

For drinking waters and clean surface waters, Kubel s method is used. In this case, the substances capable of oxidation are oxidized with boiling potassium permanganate in the presence of dilute H2SO4, Mn being reduced to Mn [Pg.299]

The consumption of KMn04 is determined by back titration of the excess KMn04 with oxalic acid [Pg.299]

For all types of waters (drinking, surface, waste) oxidation with dichromate in a strongly acid environment of H2SO4 is used (2 hours boiling) the dichromate method. The following reaction takes place [Pg.299]

Several methods have been developed to estimate the oxygen demand in waste water treatment systems. Commonly used laboratory methods are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total oxygen demand (TOD), total organic carbon (TOC), and theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). [Pg.340]

The radicals are then involved in oxidations such as formation of ketones (qv) from alcohols. Similar reactions are finding value in treatment of waste streams to reduce total oxidizable carbon and thus its chemical oxygen demand. These reactions normally are conducted in aqueous acid medium at pH 1—4 to minimize the catalytic decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide. More information on metal and metal oxide-catalyzed oxidation reactions (Milas oxidations) is available (4-7) (see also Photochemical technology, photocatalysis). [Pg.471]

Refs. 22, 23. BOD = Biological oxygen demand. COD = Chemical oxygen demand. TSS liihle 1. (Continued) Total suspended solids. O and G = oil and grease. ... [Pg.289]

BCOD Biodegradable chemical oxygen demand NBOD Nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand... [Pg.2153]

COD Chemical oxygen demand PSD Prevention of significant deterioration... [Pg.2153]

COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Legislation and controls Oxidation by dichromate... [Pg.538]

Petrochemical units generate waste waters from process operations such as vapor condensation, from cooling tower blowdown, and from stormwater runoff. Process waste waters are generated at a rate of about 15 cubic meters per hour (m /hr), based on 500,000 tpy ethylene production, and may contain biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels of 100 mg/1, as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1,500 to 6,000 mg/1, suspended solids of 100 to 400 mg/1, and oil and grease of 30 to 600 mg/1. Phenol levels of up to 200 mg/1 and benzene levels of up to 100 mg/1 may also be present. [Pg.56]

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