Livestock manures

DEFRA (2001) Making Better Use of Livestock Manures on Grassland. 

Keywords climate change, enteric methane, GHG, livestock, manure management, modeling... 

Treatment of livestock manure air drying and composting poultry manure... 

TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE AIR DRYING AND COMPOSTING POULTRY... 

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FOOD. (1982). Profitable utilisation of livestock manures. Booklet 2081. 

The ultimate sources of nitrogen and phosphorus causing cultural eutrophication are industrial N2 fixation, fossil-fuel burning, and the mining of phosphorite. The nitrogen and phosphorus used as fertilizer have three possible 6tes they either enter the food chain, become part of the soil, or are washed off the land by stormwater runoff The nutrients that enter the food chain eventually end up as either animal wastes or dead biomass. Animal wastes include human sewage, livestock manure, and pet feces. Sanitary... 

Nicholson, F. A., Groves, S. J., and Chambers, B. J. (2005). Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application. Bioresource Technol. 96,135-143. 

Chambers, B., Nicholson, N., Smith, K., Pain, B., Cumby, T. and Scotford, I. (2001) Managing Livestock Manures Making Better Use of Livestock Manures on Arable Land, Booklet 1, 2nd edn. ADAS Gleadthorpe Research Centre, Mansfield, UK, 25 pp. 

Nitrate (NO3-) is a common oxidant that is found in fertilizers, livestock manure, and sewage. Like Fe(III), N03 is capable of oxidizing pyrite and other sulfide minerals in surface waters and groundwaters as shown in this reaction (Schreiber et al., 2003, 261) ... 

Livestock manure is a favorite developmental site, food source, and landing spot for flies, and flies can subsequently contaminate other surfaces with pathogens from manure by regurgitation, fecal deposition, or mechanical transfer (Graczyk et ah, 2001). Several studies have detected... 

Anaerobic Lagoon - A holding pond for livestock manure that is designed to anaerobically stabilize manure, and may be designed to capture biogas, with the use of an impermeable, floating cover. 

To improve soil fertility and improve yield, nitrogen fertilizers are used in conventional cultivation methods. As synthetic fertilizers have environmental impacts, in the case of organic cultivation, livestock manure and legumes can be used to improve the soil condition, replacing the synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. It can be animal manure, green manure and compost. The type of organic fertilizer may be recommended based on the type and properties of soil (WWF Report, 2012). 

Nitrogen Input from Livestock Manure [ConfinecH- Unconfined]... 

Due to the increasing use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, livestock manure in intensive agriculture, and industrial and municipal effluent... 

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) report entitled Livestock s Long Shadow [11], livestock production is achieved at a substantial environmental cost. On a worldwide basis, it contributes 18 % of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions from animal production include CH4 directly emitted from domestic animals or livestock manures, and N2O emitted from land applied manures and grazed lands [12]. 

Plan their use of livestock manure and manufactured nitrogen fertilisers to ensme that they do not apply more nitrogen than their crops require. 

Comply with the livestock manure N (lutrogen) farm limit. 

Provide adequate storage capacity for livestock manures. 

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