Storage reliability

Quantitative evaluation on storage reliability of pyrotechnics based on thermodynamic characteristic of dynamite and performance degradation data... 

Pyrotechnics is widely used in kinds of spacecraft, and it is a kind of high reliability and long storage life of one-shot product. It is difficult to obtain the storage failure data in a short term, traditional method based on failure data can t meet the requirements of its storage reliability evaluation. 

The storage failure of pyrotechnics is often caused by several kinds of failure mechanisms, and multiple degradation proeesses oeeurs at the same time. The degradation reaetion rate depends on the fastest process. Generally speaking. Storage reliability of pyrotechnics depends on three aspeets ... 

Present-day nomenclature is partly the result of the conflict and interplay of two functions the need to communicate in speech and on the printed page on the one hand, and the need for archival storage of information and its efficient, reliable retrieval. The former function came first, and laid the basis for the nomenclature most commonly used even today, and gave birth to a wealth of trivial names (i.e. names that give little or no information on structure). These were often coined on the basis of the origin of the substance, as in the case of collidine, obtained from distillation of bones in glue factories, or were derived from a special characteristic, as in the case of skatole, which has a fecal odor. Such names are short and generally euphonious, but they must be memorized they cannot be deduced from the structure. 

Selection of a name for a specific compound is heavily influenced by the purpose at hand communication to a general audience, communication with specialists, or storage/retrieval through archival indexes. The first requires the simplest rules possible the second requires the shortest names possible and the third requires rigid adherence to a set of rules that will reliably generate a unique name. The name chosen may be different for each situation, although that is not necessarily so. 

Minimize or eliminate in-process inventory of hazardous material, including inventory in the processing equipment as well as in tanks. Elimination of intermediate storage tanks will likely require improvements in the reliability of the upstream and downstream operations. 

The RMDB consists of two mayor sections computer data storage and retrieval system, and backup microfilm data bank file. The computer data storage and retrieval system is used for die standard reliability and maintainability data listing, special calculations, and searches. This data bank system has been established to facilitate remote terminal access compatible with the GIDEP remote terminal programs. The microfilm data bank file is used for storage and distribution of supplier s documents, failure analysis curves, description of methods used in the collection of the data, and additional background information too extensive to include in the computer data bank. 

Typical events that are considered are fire, explosion, ship collision, and the failure of pressurized storage vessels for which historical data established the failure frequencies. Assessment of consequences was based partly on conservative treatment of past experience. For example ilic assessment of the number of casualties from the release of a toxic material was based on past histoiy conditioned by knowledge of the toxicology and the prevailing weather conditions. An altemati. e used fault trees to estimate probabilities and identify the consequences. Credit is taken in this process for preventative measures in design, operation, and maintenance procedures. Historical data provide reliability expected from plant components and humans. 

Answer Review the plant s design to determine how radioactive water could get from the plant to the river. Some ways are i) through the heat exchanger and through the condenser, ii) from the closed circuit water into the service water, iii) from the spent fuel storage pool, and iv) from the sump. Prepare fault trees or adapt existing fault trees to determine the probability of each of these release paths. Obtain reliability data for the components that are involved and evaluate the fault trees to determine the probability of each type of failure. For those pathways with a probabilit >7/y,... 

The standard does not require stock records or inventory lists however, without such a system you cannot demonstrate you have control over the receipt and dispatch of items from storage areas. The standard also does not require you to identify the location of items in stock, although without some reliable method of retrieving and accounting for items you cannot demonstrate whether or not unauthorized items have entered the storage area. 

Some Data on the Reliability of Pressure Chemical Process Data derived from 1.4x10 vessel-year Process pressure vessels, pressure storage 44. 

A brass dipstick is recommended as a cheap and reliable means of determining the contents of a storage tank. A... 

Data transfer The data acquisition unit will not be used for long-term data storage. Therefore, it must be able to reliability transfer data into the host computer. The actual time required to transfer the microprocessor s data into the host computer is the only non-productive time of the data acquisition unit. It cannot be used for acquiring additional data during the data transfer operation. Therefore, the transfer time should be kept to a minimum. Most of the available systems use an RS 232 communications protocol that will allow data transfer at rates of up to 19,200 baud. The time required to dump the full memory of a typical microprocessor can be 30 minutes or more. 

Fruits are seasonal in temperate climates, and a good harvest may be followed by a shortage if there is no method of preservation. The hard fruits, apples and pears, have traditionally been stored in cool places and may then last for several months, depending on the variety Refrigeration has extended the storage life, and made this more reliable. 

Moisture. The effect of moisture on expls, propints and pyrots can be deleterious in terms of reliability, efficiency and safety. This unwanted ingrenlent can add uncertainty and possible hazard in the manuf, storage and eventual use of ammo. Moisture adds to the costs of ammo in many ways. These include less effective material being available per unit volume, with concomitant increases in malfunction rate, curtailed shelf life because of structural failures occasioned by moisture-generated chem reaction products and the cost of many investigations undertaken to understand and prevent effects (Expls Refs 6,8, 11, 12, 15,17,21,26, 28,31,34,35,39, 40,. 41, 43, 44, 46, 48, 52 54 Propints Refs 9, 13, 16, 19, 21, 23, 27, 29, 37 53 Pyrots Refs 5, 7,10, 14,18, 20, 23, 24, 28, 30 38)... 

N.J. Blay I. Duns tan, USNatTechlnform-Serv, AD 744871 (1970) CA 78, 6069 (1973) Compatibility and stability problems encountered in the design and development of weapon systems containing expls and solid proplnts are discussed. Safety during storage and reliability in service are emphasized. The effects of materials used near or in contact with the expls and proplnts are considered... 

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