Solid proplnts

The actual amt of Na and K in solid proplnt samples is calcd by comparing the sample activity with the activity of a ref sample with known concns of Na and K. In this case, the ref standards consisted of water samples doped with known amts of Na and K, with all other conditions being the same as for the proplnt samples... 

To achieve higher energy in solid proplnts the most notable advances were achieved with the addition of aluminum and beryllium to both double-base and composite proplnts. Energy in this case is commonly equated to high specific impulse. Later developments added aluminum hydride and beryllium hydride to this list. In Table 16, the specific impulse performance of proplnts using AP with various metals and hydrides is compared to those systems without these additives (Ref 43)... 

Price (Ref 39) compares the three principal quantitative models of ignition and concludes that there are serious deficiencies in the existing models, so much so that no one theory appears adequate to represent the complexity of ignition of composite solid proplnts. In the gas-phase model (Refs 22 36) the hot oxidizing environ-... 

The following are somewhat subjective selections from the vast amount of recent published material on solid proplnts. These short abstracts are grouped under the headings of ignition, combustion, reactivity, detonability safety, analytical procedures data, and miscellaneous. In each grouping the abstracts are arranged chronologically... 

R.S. Brown et al, AdvanChemEng 7, 1—69 (1968) CA 72, 11368 (1970) The topics reviewed include types of solid proplnts, sohd-proplnt rocket motors, ignition, steady-state combustion, and combustion instability and termination... 

A lower max response at resonance was noted for poly butadiene-acrylic acid-containing pro-pints compared with polyurethane-containing opaque proplnts. Comparison of the measured response functions with predictions of theoretical models, which were modified to consider radiant-heat flux effects for translucent proplnts rather than pressure perturbations, suggest general agreement between theory and expt. The technique is suggested for study of the effects of proplnt-formulation variations on solid-proplnt combustion dynamics... 

D, W. Blair, CombustFlame 20 (1), 105—9 (1973) CA 78, 113515 (1973) A simple heat-transfer model is coupled with an Arrhenius-type pyrolysis law to study the effect of solid-state heat-transfer losses on burning rates of solid rocket-proplnt strands. Such heat-transfer losses materially affect the burning rates and also cause extinction phenomena similar to some that had been observed exptly. Strand diam and compn, adiabatic burning rate, and the heat-transfer film coeff at the strand surface are important variables. Results of theoretical analysis are applied to AP-based composite solid proplnts... 

N.S. Cohen et al, A1AA J 12 (2), 212-18 ( qia QQt 135471 (1974V The effects of inert polymer binder properties on composite solid proplnt burning rate are described. Surface pyrolysis data for many polymers over a wide range of conditions are used to derive kinetics constants from Arrhenius plots and heat of... 

N.J. Blay I. Duns tan, USNatTechlnform-Serv, AD 744871 (1970) CA 78, 6069 (1973) Compatibility and stability problems encountered in the design and development of weapon systems containing expls and solid proplnts are discussed. Safety during storage and reliability in service are emphasized. The effects of materials used near or in contact with the expls and proplnts are considered... 

G.N. Kruse et al, USDepiCom, Office Tech-Serv, AD 297333(1959) CA 60,10464 (1964) Solid-proplnt combustion products resulting from firing 2.5-inch rockets from F-102 airplanes were found to consist of C, various organic materials, and Mg or MgO. Twenty-nine materials were tested to determine their efficiency in removing heavy combustion-product deposits. Three of these materials, Rocket Cleaners X2-6, X2-9 and X2-11, were suitable for combustion-product removal... 

R.C. Oliver et al, USDeptCom, Office Tech-Serv ..AD 265822,(1961) CA 60, 10466 (1969) Metal additives for solid proplnts formulas for calculating specific impulse and other proplnt performance parameters are given. A mathematical treatment of the free-energy minimization procedure for equilibrium compn calcns is provided. The treatment is extended to include ionized species and mixing of condensed phases. Sources and techniques for thermodynamic-property calcns are also discussed... 

A discussion with 10 refs of combustion instability in solid-proplnt rocket engines. Two different types of instability are considered acoustic and non-acoustic instability... 

T.L. Boggs et al, AIAA J 8 (2), 370-72 (1970) CA 72, 113371 (1970) Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the surface structure of solid proplnts, prepd from AP (1) and polyurethane or caiboxylated polybutadiene. Polyurethane proplnts are self-extinguish-ing at high pressure due to the flow of molten binder over I crystals. I crystals formed a thin surface melt with gas liberation in the molten phase... 

A. Sapinski, Arch Procesow Spalania 3 (2), 179-90 (1972) CA 78, 99929 (1973) Temp mesurement of a flame containing solid particles by the emission-absorption method The method was used for investigation of solid proplnts con-... 

H. Schubert, ChemZtg 97 (9), 486—92 (1973) CA 80,28964 (1974) A brief historical survey of solid rocket proplnts is followed by a description of solid propint motors and of the uses of the proplnts. The compn and the process technology of two fundamentally different types of proplnts, ie, homogeneous or double-base solid proplnts and heterogeneous or composite solid proplnts, are described. Their properties are reviewed... 

CA 59, 6189(1963) (Erosive burning of solid proplnts is considered by the boundary layer approximation in the aerothermochemical point of view. The numerical calcn shows that the burning rate becomes larger with increase of the velocity gradient of hot gas stream on the surface of the propint)... 

Erosive burning of some composite solid proplnts) A2) E.W, Price, Ibid,... 

When used with highly compacted main pyrotechnic items, such as flare candles the "first fire" is either pressed (in dry form), or painted (in paste or slurry form) on top of item. For initiation of solid proplnts, a "first fire " mixt can be ignited if confined in a tube or capsule so that the hot gases will be spread over a larger surface area (Ref 57, pp 189 91) Table F lists various formulations for "starter mixtures" Table G for "ignition mixtures" and Table H for "first fire mixtures". -These formulations are given in Ref 57, pp 377-83. Some mixtures are taken from Ref 44a,... 

Honest John. Popular name for the US Army 762mm rocket system, a surface-to-surface tactical missile, employing a solid proplnt. It is launched from a rail-type launcher at an elevation which can be varied to obtn the desired point of impact. Honest John carries either a conventional HE warhead or a nuclear warhead... 

Hybalines. A family of novel metal hydride coordination compds, both liq solid, trade name of Union Carbide Corp, New York. The company s R D program at its South Charleston, West Virginia technical center suggests Hybalines may find use as high-energy liq fuels and as additives in high-energy solid proplnts... 

E) Mario Giaccio (Univ of Pescara) Quad Merceol 7 (1), 63-87 (1968). CA 71, 146 (1969) [Historical notes on solid proplnts for rockets, from Chinese craftsmen to large-scale industry are given. Modern proplnts (fuels and oxidizers)are included and future developments are discussed]... 

It is usually understood that a rocket motor is that part of the propulsion system in which the propellants are transformed into the exhaust jet, while a rocket engine is the entire system, ie, the rocket motor, the proplnt containers, pumps, etc. In conventional solid proplnt rockets, the motor and the engine happen to be the same piece of apparatus, but this is not so in liq proplnt rockets... 

Representative LP Applications. Before proceeding with a description of the specific uses of LP, it is instructive to compare them with solid propellants. The choice between LP and a solid proplnt for a given application depends on several factors such as specific impulse, safety, storability, rocket engine design special requirements... 

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